The Miracle of Isra’

1. The Miracle of Isra’ The (Prophet’s) heart lied not in what he (Muhammad) saw. Will you then dispute with him about what he saw [during the Mi‘râj: (Ascent of the Prophet to the seven heavens)] And indeed he (Muhammad) saw him [Jibril (Gabriel)] at a second descent (i.e. another time). Near Sidrat-ul-Muntaha (the tree of the utmost boundary over the seventh heaven beyond which none can pass). Near it is the Paradise of Abode. When that covered the tree which did cover it! The sight (of Prophet Muhammad) turned not aside (right or left), nor it transgressed beyond the limit (ordained for it). Indeed he (Muhammad) did see of the Greatest Signs, of his Lord (Allah). النجم

2. The Miracle of Isra’ • رأيت ليلة أسري بي موسى ، رجلا آدم ، طوالا جعدا ، كأنه من رجال شنوءة ، ورأيت عيسى رجلا مربوعا ، مربوع الخلق إلى الحمرة والبياض ، سبط الرأس ، ورأيت مالكا خازن النار ، والدجال ، في آيات أراهن الله إياه : { فلا تكن في مرية من لقائه } . • الراوي: عبدالله بن عباس المحدث: البخاري

3. The Miracle of Isra’ • Narrated Ibn Abbas: • The Prophet said, "On the night of my Ascent to the Heaven, I saw Moses who was a tall brown curly-haired man as if he was one of the men of Shan'awa tribe, and I saw Jesus, a man of medium height and moderate complexion inclined to the red and white colors and of lank hair. I also saw Malik, the gate-keeper of the (Hell) Fire and Ad-Dajjal amongst the signs which Allah showed me." (The Prophet then recited the Holy Verse): "So be not you in doubt of meeting him' when you met Moses during the night of Mi'raj over the heavens" (32.23)

4. The Miracle of Isra’ • عن عبد الله : { فكان قاب قوسين أو أدنى . فأوحى إلى عبده ما أوحى } . قال : حدثنا ابن مسعود : أنه رأى جبريل له ستمائة جناح . • الراوي: عبدالله بن مسعود المحدث: البخاري • Narrated Abdullah: • Regarding the Verses: 'And was at a distance of but two bow-lengths or (even) nearer; So did (Allah) convey the Inspiration to His slave (Gabriel) and then he Gabriel) conveyed (that to Muhammad...' (53.9-10) Ibn Mas'ud narrated to us that the Prophet had seen Gabriel with six hundred wings.

5. The Miracle of Isra’ • ثم أدخلت الجنة ، فإذا فيها جنابذ (أو حبايل) اللؤلؤ ، وإذا ترابها المسك . الراوي:أبو ذر المحدث: البخاري • Then I was admitted into Paradise where I found walls (made) of pearls and its earth was of musk."

6. The Miracle of Isra’ • أتيت ليلة أسري بي على قوم بطونهم كالبيوت فيها الحيات ترى من خارج بطونهم فقلت من هؤلاء يا جبريل قال هؤلاء أكلة الربا • الراوي: أبو هريرة المحدث: ابن كثير - المصدر: تفسير القرآن • نظرت - يعني : ليلة أسري به - ؛ فإذا أنا بقوم لهم مشافر كمشافر الإبل ، وقد وكل بهم من يأخذ بمشارفهم ، ثم يجعل في أفواههم صخرا من نار يخرج من أسافلهم . قلت : يا جبريل ! من هؤلاء ؟ قال : هؤلاء الذين يأكلون أموال اليتامى ظلما ؛ إنما يأكلون في بطونهم نارا . • الراوي: أبو سعيد الخدري المحدث: الألباني - المصدر: السلسلة الضعيفة • قال ثم رأيت رجالا بين أيديهم لحم ثمين طيب إلى جنبه لحم غث منتن يأكلون من الغث المنتن ويتركون السمين الطيب . قال قلت : من هؤلاء يا جبريل ؟ قال هؤلاء الذين يتركون ما أحل الله لهم من النساء ويذهبون إلى ما حرم الله عليهم منهن . (ابن هشام)

7. The Miracle of Isra’ • Other scenes from the Ascension Journey: • Paradise • Hellfire • Jibril (on his original form) • Malek: Custodian of Hellfire • Dajjal (False Messiah) • Punishment of fornicators • Punishment of those who eat out of Usury • Punishment of those who embezzle wealth of the orphans • (*Some from books of tafseer and weak hadiths)

8. The Miracle of Isra’ • The pagans faced the story with disbelief. • The Prophet described Bait Al-Maqdis that he never visited before • The Prophet told them about caravans he saw on his return journey. • The weak in faith turned away from Islam • The believers received the miracle with increase in faith. • Abu Bakr “AsSiddiq”

9. The Miracle of Isra’ • The Lessons of Isra’ and Mi’raj • Supporting the Prophet • Confirming the unity of the Message given to all Messengers of Allah • Special status of Salah in Islam • Islam the religion of natural inclination (Innate nature-Fitrah) The choice of milk over wine. • Do your part, and rely on Allah. (tied the Buraq) • Bringing miraculous proof to the disbelievers. • Establishing the truthful from those who are weak in faith

10. Seerah of The Prophet The Slitting of The Moon

11. The Slitting of The Moon • The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has been cleft asunder. • And if they see a sign, they turn away, and say: "This is continuous magic.“ • They belied (this Qur'an), and followed their own lusts. And every matter will be settled. • And indeed there has come to them news (in this Qur'an) wherein there is (enough warning) to check (them from evil), • Perfect wisdom (this Qur'an), but (the preaching of) warners benefit them not. • So withdraw from them. The Day that the caller will call (them) to a terrible thing.

12. The Slitting of The Moon • انشق القمر على عهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فرقتين : فرقة فوق الجبل ، وفرقة دونه ، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : ( اشهدوا ) . • الراوي: عبدالله بن مسعود المحدث: البخاري • Al-Bukhari: Narrated Abdullah bin Masud: • During the lifetime of the Prophet the moon was split into two parts and on that the Prophet said, "Bear witness (to thus)."

13. The Slitting of The Moon • And nothing stops Us from sending the signs but that the people of old denied them. And We sent the she-camel to Thamud as a clear sign, but they did her wrong. And We sent not the signs except to warn, and to make them afraid (of destruction).And (remember) when We told you: "Verily! Your Lord has encompassed mankind (i.e. they are in His Grip)." And We made not the vision which we showed you (on the night of Al-Isra’) but a trial for mankind, and (likewise) the accursed tree (Zaqqum, mentioned) in the Qur'an. We warn and make them afraid but it only increases them in naught save great disbelief, oppression and disobedience to Allah. الإسراء

14. 13 14 1 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 Proclamation “Iqra!” Persecution Abyssinia (1) Abyssinia (2) Hamza and Umar become Muslims Boycott and Siege Death of Abu Taleb Death of Khadijah Ta’if Isra’ and Mi’raj

15. Seerah of The Prophet Da’wah After the Year of Grief Offering Islam to Tribes of Arabia

16. Da’wah After the Year of Grief • The Messenger of Allah went on the path of Da’wah diligently calling the tribes of Arabia inside and outside Mecca • Banu ‘Aamer: • Large and strong tribe, enemies of Thaqif. • They demanded guarantees of leadership after the Prophet • Rejected Islam unless there is earthly benefits • Banu Shaybaan: • They welcomed the Prophet and listened to the Message • They would not dare break their agreement with Persia and offer protection to Muslims in their territories. (al-Muthanna: later on the first commander against Persia)

17. Da’wah After the Year of Grief • Lessons: • The Believer always seeks a way, if a door closes we knock on the next. • Never stop calling to the way of Allah • Never despair or lose hope

18. Da’wah After the Year of Grief • Suwayd bin As-Samet سويد بن الصامت • From the A’ws • Had the “Magazine of Luqman” • Listened to Quran and admired it. • Killed in the battle of Bu’aath, some reported he died a Muslim. • Iyas bin Mu’ath إياس بن معاذ • Came to Mecca seeking alliance with Quraysh against Khazraj • Listened to the Prophet and admired Quran • Killed in the battle of Bu’aath, some reported he died a Muslim.

19. Da’wah After the Year of Grief • Yathrib:

20. Da’wah After the Year of Grief Yathrib: Residents of Yathrib before Hijrah (622 CE) • The Arabs • The Aus: الأوس: بنو عبد الأشهل بنو عمرو بن عوف ... • Sa’d bin Mu’aath سعد بن معاذ • Usayd bin Hudhayr أسيد بن حضير • The Khazraj: الخزرج : بنو النجار زريق سالم غنم ... • Ubadah bin As-Samet عبادة بن الصامت • As’ad bin Zurarah أسعد بن زرارة • The Jewish Tribes • Banu An-Nadhir • Banu Qaynuqa’ • Banu Qurayzhah

21. Da’wah After the Year of Grief Yathrib: Residents of Yathrib before Hijrah (622 CE) • The Arabs • The Aus and The Khazraj had fierce rivalry, frequently erupted in wars and balltles. • The Day of Bu’ath: • عن عائشة : كان يوم بعاث يوما قدمه الله لرسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فقدم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وقد افترق ملؤهم ، وقتلت سرواتهم وجرحوا ، فقدمه الله لرسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم في دخولهم في الإسلام . المحدث: البخاري • Al Bukhari: Narrated 'Aisha: The day of Bu'ath (i.e. Day of fighting between the two tribes of the Ansar, the Aus and Khazraj) was brought about by Allah for the good of His Apostle so that when Allah's Apostle reached (Medina), the tribes of Medina had already divided and their chiefs had been killed and wounded. So Allah had brought about the battle for the good of H is Apostle in order that they (i.e. the Ansar) might embrace Islam.

22. Da’wah After the Year of Grief Yathrib: Residents of Yathrib before Hijrah (622 CE) • The Jewish Tribes • Banu An-Nadhir • Banu Qaynuqa’ • Banu Qurayzhah • Formed Alliances with the Arab tribes and Clans of Yathrib • Settled mostly in fortressed around the fertile plains south of Yathrib. • Excelled in the Market place and farming. • Moved to Yathrib in anticipation of the “New and Final Messenger” and expected to come from the Israelite like the many prophets after Abraham.

23. Da’wah After the Year of Grief • As the Messenger of Allah went on the path of Da’wah diligently calling the tribes of Arabia inside and outside Mecca he spoke to groups during Hajj season • Year 11thafter Revelation started (620 CE), the Prophet met a group from Yathrib at the ‘Aqabah in Mina. All from the Khazraj: • As’ad bin Zurarah (banu Najjar) أسعد بن زرارة • Awf bin Al-Harith (Ibn ‘Afra’) (banu Najjar) عوف بن الحارث • Rafi’ bin Malik (Banu Zurayq) رافع بن مالك • Qutbah bin ‘Aamer (from banu Salamah) قطبة بن عامر • ‘Uqbah bin ‘Aamer (from Banu Haram) عقبة بن عامر • Jaber bin Abdellah (banu Ghanam) جابر بن عبد الله بن رئاب • They all accepted Islam. No Bay’ah took place.

24. The First Pledge of ‘Aqabah • Year 12thafter Revelation started (621 CE), the Prophet met a group of 12 men from Yathrib at the ‘Aqabah in Mina: • As’ad bin Zurarah (banuNajjar) أسعد بن زرارة • Awf bin Al-Harith (Ibn ‘Afra’) (banuNajjar) عوف بن الحارث • Rafi’ bin Malik (BanuZurayq) رافع بن مالك • Qutbah bin ‘Aamer (from banuSalamah) قطبة بن عامر • ‘Uqbah bin ‘Aamer (from BanuHaram) عقبة بن عامر • Mu’ath bin Al-Harith (Ibn ‘Afra’) (banuNajjar) معاذ بن الحارث • Ubadah bin As-Sametعبادة بن الصامت • Thakwan bin Abdul-Qaysذكوان بن عبد القيس • Yazid bin Tha’labah يزيد بن ثعلبة • Al-’Abbas bin ‘Ubadah العباس بن عبادة • Abu-Alhaytham bin Al-Tayhan (from Aus) أبو الهيثم بن التيهان • ‘Uwaym bin Sa’idah (from Aus) عويم بن ساعدة Khazraj Aus

25. The First Pledge of ‘Aqabah • The First Pledge of ‘Aqabah(The Pledge of Women بيعة النساء ) (narrated by ‘Ubadah bin As-Samet) • Tawheed ألا نشرك بالله شيئا • Do not steal و لا نسرق • Do not fornicate و لا نزني • Do not kill your children و لا نقتل أولادنا • Do not commit falsehood or evil deeds و لا ناتي ببهتان نفتريه بين أيدينا و أرجلنا • Obey the Messenger in Good Deeds و لا نعصيه في معروف • The reward shall be Paradise فإن وفيتم فلكم الجنة و إن غشيتم من ذلك شيئا فأمركم إلى الله إن شاء عذبكم و إن شاء غفر لكم.

26. The First Pledge of ‘Aqabah The First Pledge of ‘Aqabah • Islam spread at a group level outside Mecca for the first time • The Messenger of Allah sent Mus’ab bin ‘Umayr مصعب بن عمير with the group to teach Islam and Quran in Yathrib. • Mus’ab was called the “Muqri’ المقرئ” by Muslims of Yathrib • He was hosted by Sa’d bin Zurarah (Khazraji), in whose house first congregational prayers and Jum’ahs took place. • No migration (Hijrah) of any companions at this point other than Mus’ab and then Abdullah bin Mas’ud to teach Qur’an

27. The First Pledge of ‘Aqabah The First Pledge of ‘Aqabah • Islam spread in Yathrib: (The Aus): • Usayd bin Hudhayr أسيد بن حضير • Sa’d bin Mu’adh سعد بن معاذ الزخرف

28. 13 14 1 9 10 11 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 Proclamation “Iqra!” Persecution Abyssinia (1) Abyssinia (2) Hamza and Umar become Muslims Boycott and Siege Death of Abu Taleb Death of Khadijah Ta’if Isra’ and Mi’raj First Muslims of Yathrib First Pledge of ‘Aqaba

29. The Second Pledge of ‘Aqabah • The 13th year after revelation (622 CE), Hajj season. • Meeting at the same place in ‘Aqabah in Mina (first Jamrah) on the 12th of Dhi Alhijjah. • That night Abdullah bin Amr bin Haram (Jaber’s father) declared Islam and joined the group. • Ka’b bin Malik said: “We were seventy three men and two women Nusaibah bint Ka‘b from the Najjars and Asma’ bint ‘Amr from Bani Salamah.” We waited for the Messenger of Allah until he came in the company of his uncle Al-‘Abbas bin ‘Abdul Muttalib (who was not a Muslim then)” • Al-’Abbas spoke to clarify the seriousness of the Pledge and to assure protection for his nephew, Muhammad.

30. The Second Pledge of ‘Aqabah • روى ذلك الإمام أحمد عن جابر مفصلًا‏.‏ قال جابر‏:‏ قلنا‏:‏ يا رسول الله، علام نبايعك‏؟‏ قال‏:‏ • ‏(‏على السمع والطاعة في النشاط والكسل‏.‏ • وعلى النفقة في العسر واليسر‏.‏ • وعلى الأمر بالمعروف والنهي عن المنكر‏.‏ • وعلى أن تقوموا في الله، لا تأخذكم في الله لومة لائم‏.‏ • وعلى أن تنصرونى إذا قدمت إليكم، وتمنعونى مما تمنعون منه أنفسكم وأزواجكم وأبناءكم، ولكم الجنة‏)‏‏.‏

31. The Second Pledge of ‘Aqabah The Ansar (Helpers) asked the Messenger of Allah about the principles over which they would take a pledge. The Prophet answered: • To listen and obey in all sets of circumstances. • To spend in plenty as well as in scarcity. • To enjoin good and forbid evil. • In Allah's service, you will fear the censure of none. They said: that is for your Lord. Ask for yourself, because we want you to come to us. The Prophet said: • To defend me in case I seek your help, and debar me from anything you debar yourself, your spouses and children from. And if you observe those precepts, Paradise is in store for you.

32. The Second Pledge of ‘Aqabah • فأخذ البراء ابن مَعْرُور بيده ثم قال‏:‏ نعم، والذي بعثك بالحق نبيًا، لنمنعنك مما نمنع أُزُرَنا منه، فبايعنا يا رسول الله، فنحن والله أبناء الحرب وأهل الْحَلْقَة، ورثناها كابرًا عن كابر‏.‏ • قال‏:‏ فاعترض القول ـ والبراء يكلم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ أبو الهيثم بن التَّيَّهَان، فقال‏:‏ يا رسول الله، إن بيننا وبين الرجال حبالًا، وإنا قاطعوها ـ يعنى اليهود ـ فهل عسيت إن نحن فعلنا ذلك، ثم أظهرك الله إن ترجع إلى قومك وتدعنا‏؟‏ • قال‏:‏ فتبسم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، ثم قال‏:‏ ‏(‏بل الدَّمُ الدَّمُ، والهَدْمُ الْهَدْمُ، أنا منكم وأنتم منى، أحارب من حاربتم، وأسالم من سالمتم‏)‏‏.‏

33. The Second Pledge of ‘Aqabah • Here Al-Bara’ bin Ma‘rur, caught him by hand, and said: "Oh yes, we swear by Allah, Who sent you as a Prophet in Truth, that we will protect you from whatever we protect our women from. By Allah, we are genuine fighters and quite reliable in war, it is a trait passed down to us from our ancestors." • Then ‘Abul Haitham At-Taihan interrupted and said: "O Prophet of Allah! Between us and the Jews, there are agreements which we would then sever. If Allah grants you power and victory, would you leave us and go back to your poeple (meaning Quraish)?" • The Prophet smiled and replied:"Nay, it would never be; your blood will be my blood. In life and death I will be with you and you with me. I will fight whom you fight and I will make peace with those with whom you make peace."

34. The Second Pledge of ‘Aqabah • وبعد أن تمت البيعة طلب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أن يختاروا اثنى عشر زعيمًا يكونون نقباء على قومهم، يكفلون المسئولية عنهم في تنفيذ بنود هذه البيعة، فقال للقوم‏:‏ أخرجوا إلىّ منكم اثنى عشر نقيبًا ليكونوا على قومهم بما فيهم‏.‏ ‏ • نقباء الخزرج • 1ـ أسعد بن زُرَارَة بن عدس‏.‏ 2ـ سعد بن الرَّبِيع بن عمرو‏.‏ 3ـ عبد الله بن رواحة بن ثعلبة‏.‏ 4ـ رافع بن مالك بن العَجْلان‏.‏ 5ـ البراء بن مَعْرُور بن صَخْر‏.‏ 6ـ عبد الله بن عمرو بن حَرَام‏.‏ 7ـ عبادة بن الصامت بن قيس‏.‏ 8 ـ سعد بن عبادة بن دُلَيْم‏.‏9ـ المنذر بن عمرو بن خُنَيْس‏.‏ • نقباء الأوس • 1ـ أُسَيْد بن حُضَيْر بن سِمَاك‏.‏ 2ـ سعد بن خَيْثَمَة بن الحارث‏.‏ 3ـ رفاعة بن عبد المنذر بن زبير‏.‏

35. The Second Pledge of ‘Aqabah The Prophet [pbuh] then asked the group to appoint twelve deputies to preach Islam to their people in Madinah, to shoulder the responsibility of implementing the articles of this pledge and to guide the respective men of their own tribes in matters relating to the propagation of Islam. The deputies elected were nine from Al-Khazraj: As‘ad bin Zurarah bin ‘Ads, Sa‘d bin Ar-Rabi‘ bin ‘Amr, ‘Abdullah bin Rawahah bin Tha‘labah, Rafi‘ bin Malik bin Al-‘Ajlan, Al-Bara’ bin Ma‘rur bin Sakhr, ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr bin Haram, ‘Ubadah bin As-Samit bin Qais, Sa‘d bin ‘Ubadah bin Dulaim and Al-Mundhir bin ‘Amr bin Khunais. Three others were from Al-Aws: Usaid bin Hudair bin Sammak, Sa‘d bin Khaithamah bin Al-Harith and Rifa‘a bin ‘Abdul Mundhir bin Zubair.