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The Solar System

The Solar System. By Mr. Coverdale. 5 billion years ago the Solar System was a nebula (cloud of gas and dust) Gravity pulled the particles together until the heat rose enough to form the sun and then the planets. M42 The Orion Nebula. How was the Solar System formed?.

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The Solar System

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  1. The Solar System By Mr. Coverdale

  2. 5 billion years ago the Solar System was a nebula (cloud of gas and dust) Gravity pulled the particles together until the heat rose enough to form the sun and then the planets. M42 The Orion Nebula How was the Solar System formed?

  3. The Countdown Begins!!! 5 4 3 2 1 We have lift-off!!!! Lets Meet the Planets

  4. Pierre Public Schools Planets of the Solar System • Mercury • Venus • Earth (That’s where we live) • Mars • Jupiter • Saturn • Uranus • Neptune • Pluto and Charon

  5. TERRESTRIAL PLANETS • The four planets closest to the sun which are made up of solid rock, and, because of their size and composition, are classified as Earth-like (terrestrial).

  6. Closest to sun Smallest Terrestrial Planet First time viewed was in 1974 (Mariner 10) Surface similar to Earth’s moon Mercury

  7. Weak gravitational force (due to small mass) Almost no atmosphere Temperature ranges from -170° C to 450°C Photos of Mercury

  8. 2nd Planet from sun Called Earth’s twin because similar in size and density to Earth Thick dense clouds of sulfuric acid Atmosphere mostly made up of CO2 Venus

  9. Great atmospheric pressure (91 times Earth’s) Surface Temp is 470 ° C Why hotter than Mercury  Greenhouse Effect from CO2 g. Rotates VERY slowly and backwards (retrograde rotation) Venus’s surface Venus

  10. Earth

  11. 4th planet from sun Early info. came from Viking probe in 1976 “Red planet” because of high concentration of iron oxide Many craters and channels carved from water in Mars’ past are on the surface. Mars

  12. Mars • Frozen ice caps made up of frozen water and CO2 • Temperature ranges from -20° to -140° C. • Two small moons: Phobos and Deimos • Valles Mariners: Huge canyon • Olympus Mons:Largest volcano in Solar System

  13. Olympus Mons Largest Volcano in Solar System

  14. Mars VideoCould there have been life on Mars?

  15. THE GASEOUS GIANTS • Huge low-density planets composed mostly of gases. • Much of our early information came from the Voyager space probes in 1977. • The Hubble Telescope has improved our knowledge of these planets.

  16. Jupiter • Largest planet (11/2 larger than all planets combined5th from sun • Made up mostly of hydrogen and helium gases • Surrounded by strong magnetic and gravitational fields

  17. Great Red Spot: Huge/continuous storm of swirling gas Has at least 16 moons Four Major Moons: Red Spot of Jupiter Jupiter’s Red Spot

  18. Most volcanically active object in the Solar System Closest moon to Jupiter 1. Io

  19. Ice covered Interests scientists because there is the possibility of liquid water underneath the ice. 2. Europa

  20. Largest satellite (moon) in the solar system 3. Ganymede

  21. Many craters What does this show? 4. Callisto

  22. Second largest planet, but lowest density 6th planet from sun Similar composition to Jupiter Circled by several broad rings made up of ice particles, specks of dust, and rocks Saturn

  23. Has at least 20 moons Titan is the largest (larger than Mercury) Saturn’s moons Titan Dione

  24. 7th Planet from the sun Atmosphere is composed of hydrogen, helium, and methane Methane gives it a blue/green color Uranus

  25. Extreme high degree of tilt to its axis of rotation (almost like it is rotating on its side) Ariel (Uranian Moon) Uranus

  26. Similar in atmosphere/structure to Uranus Normally the 8th planet from the sun, but sometimes is farther from the sun than Pluto Neptune

  27. Has at least 8 moons Triton: Largest moon made mostly of nitrogen gas and has many large geysers Neptune’s Moons

  28. Different from all planets Small and composed of rock and ice Not considered either a terrestrial or gaseous giant planet Pluto  Pluto and Charon Pluto and Charon

  29. Charon: Small moon of Pluto which orbits so closely that it is like a double planet Charon

  30. Heliopause: The boundary between local space (our solar system) and intersteller space. Interplanetary medium(similar composition to the heliopause) Heliopause

  31. An asteroid compared to the moons of Mars. (Moons on bottom) Halley’s Comet III. Other Objects in the Solar System

  32. Comets: A large chunk of ice, dust, frozen gases, and rock fragments that moves through space. Shoemaker-Levy Halley’s Comet A. Comets

  33. Oort Cloud: The icy cloud that surrounds the solar system where most astronomers believe comets originate from. Comets are formed when a chunk of ice is pulled from the Oort Cloud by a near star. Hale-Bopp Comet Comets

  34. Asteroids: A large chunk of rock traveling through space. Asteroid Belt: Most asteroids are located in an area between the orbit of Mars and Jupiter. Asteroid and its moon B. Asteroids

  35. The asteroids in this belt may have formed into planets had it not been for the strong gravity of Jupiter. Most asteroids are 1km or less. Gaspra Asteroids

  36. Ceres (Below) Largest asteroid is 940 km in diameter. In 1972 a 1000 ton asteroid passed within 60 km of Earth More asteroids Scary Asteroids

  37. Meteoroids: Small pieces of rock moving through space. Range in size from grains of sand to huge fragments of rock. Meteors: Name given to a meteoroid that enters the atmosphere. Friction will cause the meteor to glow ans usually burn up before hitting the surface. C. Meteoroids, Meteors, and Meteorites

  38. Meteorite: A meteoroid that strikes the Earth’s surface. More Meteors

  39. Barringer Crater in Arizona • 1.2 km wide crater formed by a meteorite

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