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Application of GIS and Terrain Analysis to Watershed Model Calibration for the CHIA Project

Application of GIS and Terrain Analysis to Watershed Model Calibration for the CHIA Project. Sam Lamont Robert Eli Jerald Fletcher. Background. CHIA: Cumulative Hydrologic Impact Assessment of a mine site Required of WVDEP , for each proposed mine permit

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Application of GIS and Terrain Analysis to Watershed Model Calibration for the CHIA Project

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  1. Application of GIS and Terrain Analysis to Watershed Model Calibrationfor the CHIA Project Sam Lamont Robert Eli Jerald Fletcher

  2. Background • CHIA: Cumulative Hydrologic Impact Assessment of a mine site • Required of WVDEP , for each proposed mine permit • Surface and groundwater quality and quantity

  3. WVU’s Role • Ultimate goal: Graphical tool to simulate pre- and post-mining conditions • Water quantity: Calibrate watershed model (HSPF) to 235 basins in WV

  4. 235 Study Watersheds and Their Outlets

  5. BASINS-GIS Framework • ArcView based environment for display and analysis of watershed features • Develops input files for HSPF • - watershed file (landuse, slope, area) • - stream network • - reach attributes • - point sources • This project: WCMS

  6. HSPF: Hydrologic Systems Program - Fortran • Continuous • Calculates water balance for each time step • R = P – ET – IG – S • where: R = Runoff • P = Precipitation • ET = Evapotranspiration • IG = Deep/Inactive Groundwater • S = Change in soil storage • Surface and sub-surface hydrology • Inputs = Precip, PET, Temp • Output = Simulated flow

  7. Modeled Precipitation Grid - Hourly Precip - 1948 – 2002 - 5 km resolution

  8. How HSPF Represents a Watershed Outlet point • Example: • - 5 Sub-watersheds • 5 Stream reaches • (Storage-Outflow routing) • - Land use types • Forest (Steep,Moderate, Mild) • Shrub-land • Pasture/Grassland • Urban • Mine • Barren • Row Crop • Wetland • Surface Water Watershed boundary Stream reach Flow Direction

  9. Percent Slope Distribution

  10. 5 Calibration Watersheds

  11. Model Calibration • Trial and error: 1. Run Model 2. Compare output 3. Adjust parameters 4. Repeat • Other software assists this process

  12. HSPEXP: Calculates error statistics, provides advice, plots

  13. Typical Results: Tygart Valley River at Elkins

  14. Further Proposed Terrain Analysis for Calibration Improvement • Hoes does watershed shape and structure relate to hydrology? • Searching for an index defining hydrologic characteristics. Some examples…

  15. Topographic Index • Beven and Kirkby, 1979 TI = ln(a/tanB) a = area B = slope (relative wetness) Example: Abes Run, Canaan Valley

  16. Rugosity-Surface Area/Planar Area

  17. Drainable Volume - Volume of watershed above a particular elevation

  18. Future steps: - Fine-tune calibration: Continue searching for patterns - Validate model - Mine site modeling - Link with WCMS Conclusion

  19. Questions?

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