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Republican Presidents of the 1920s: Harding, Coolidge, Hoover

Explore the policies and legacies of Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover in the 1920s, including the Teapot Dome Scandal and economic approaches. Learn how their administrations differed from Progressive era leaders and shaped American foreign policy post-WWI.

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Republican Presidents of the 1920s: Harding, Coolidge, Hoover

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  1. Presidents of the 1920’s HARDING COOLIDGE HOOVER

  2. Learning Target: • Explain how the new Republican policies of Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover differed from those of the Progressives (Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson) • Explain the results of the new Republican policies • Explain American foreign policy after WWI

  3. President #1: Warren G. Harding • Year Elected: 1921 • In office: 1921-1923 - died in office

  4. Warren G. Harding • Background – Born in 1865 – Blooming Grove, OH • Profession – publisher – governor of Ohio – US Senate – President • US Senate from 1915-1921. Horrible attendance record – missed 2/3 of votes – including the 19thAmendment!!

  5. Warren G. Harding • Won the Presidential nomination because of political machines • Election key topic = continue progressive work of Wilson, OR back to laissez-faire • In the White House… as a senator, voted against Prohibition, while in office, always had bootleg booze available

  6. Warren G. Harding • “Ohio Gang” – nickname given to his “pals” that Harding appointed into government positions – the cabinet • Favored Big Business • Had 2 long lasting affairs – the 2nd, Nan Britton, had a daughter • Died of what was believed to be a heart attack – VP Calvin Coolidge came into office

  7. TEAPOT DOME SCANDEL • Teapot Dome – Harding proved to be a poor leader – cabinet essentially ran office – became known as the “Ohio Gang.” • TEApot Dome Oilfield in Wyoming – secretary of interior Albert B. Fall – rented government lands to Oil Companies in return for personal loans and gifts. • US holding lands as oil reserves for the US Navy. Fall leased lands to two oil companies – 1. Mammoth Oil Company 2. Pan American Petroleum Company. • Fall received $404,000 in loans and gifts.

  8. President #2 – Calvin Coolidge • Year Inaugurated – 1923 – VP to Harding, took office after death. Ran for president in 1924 • In Office: 1923-1928

  9. Calvin Coolidge • Background – from Vermont – became governor of Massachusetts • Wanted to preserve the old moral and economic principles of the US • Policies = 1. Isolation in foreign policy 2. Tax cuts 3. Limited aid to farmers • Known as being the “most negative and remote of presidents, and the most accessible.”

  10. Calvin Coolidge • Silent Cal – because he said almost nothing during interviews – “yes,” and “no” • Elected for 1924 term, did not run in 1928

  11. Coolidge – Policies towards Business Gave Businesses a BOOST in 3 ways: Appointed business people to commissions to regulate businesses Selected supreme court judges that voted against progressive legislation Named conservatives to powerful cabinet positions

  12. Calvin Coolidge • Andrew Mellon – secretary of Treasury under Harding Coolidge, and Hoover – 1921 – 1932 • Favored giving millionaires tax cuts – overturned almost all of the progressive tax policies of Wilson • Coolidge and Mellon both agreed that government should interfere as little as possible with big business

  13. President #3 – Herbert Hoover • Year Elected – 1928 • Years in Office – 1929-1933

  14. Herbert Hoover • Background – born in Iowa 1874, grew up in Oregon • Stanford – mining engineer • Head of Food Administration during WWI • Secretary of Commerce under Harding and Coolidge – helped organize food to be sent to Europe and Russia • After the crash – cut taxes and expand public works spending • Became a scapegoat for the Great Depression

  15. Herbert Hoover – “Wonder Boy” • Secretary of Commerce in the 1920’s • Control and regulate airlines, radio, and other new industries • Minimize price competition • Pushed for the Bureau of Standards (standardization) • Supported 8 hr work days, conservation of natural resources, food for children • Pollution Act of 1924 – control oil pollution on the coastline

  16. Herbert Hoover – Attitude towards Business • Volunteer effort • Free enterprise

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