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DNA Replication

This chapter reviews critical concepts in molecular biology, focusing on DNA and RNA structures and functions. It outlines key differences, such as the presence of ribose in RNA and thymine in DNA. The DNA replication process is explained, highlighting the role of enzymes like helicase and DNA polymerase, which help unzip strands and add complementary bases. It discusses the formation of DNA's "backbone," the replication fork, and the speed of nucleotide addition. Additionally, it touches on the implications of errors in base pairing and mutations.

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DNA Replication

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  1. DNA Replication Chapter 10

  2. Review of DNA and RNA • 1. Which has ribose of the sugar? • 2. Which is double stranded • 3. Thymine if found in DNA - what is found in RNA instead? • 4. Which base does cytosine pair with? • 5. What makes up the “back bone” of DNA?

  3. DNA replication • Carried out by a series of enzymes • First enzyme (helicase) - “unzips” the 2 strands of DNA (i.e. breaks H bonds), separating base pairs

  4. After unzipping • Each of the separated strands serves as a “template” for attachment of complementary bases

  5. As strands unzip • Replication fork - where 2 strands separated • Complementary base pairs then added to the exposed bases with help of DNA polymerase

  6. How bases are added • Bases added to strands in opposite directions • Gaps are filled in by the enzyme DNA ligase

  7. Replication • Occurs at many places along a DNA strand • DNA polymerase - adds about 50-100 new nucleotides per second

  8. As a result... • Two identical DNA molecules result • Mitosis or Meiosis can now occur

  9. Errors in pairing • Can result in mutations • Mutations can be harmful, beneficial or have no effect

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