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Rise of Urban America: Migration, Skyscrapers, and Urban Politics, 1870-1900

Explore the rapid urbanization of America from 1870 to 1900, witnessing the exponential growth of cities like NYC and Chicago, the development of innovative housing and transport solutions, the emergence of skyscrapers, the class divides in urban living, and the rise of political machines to address urban challenges.

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Rise of Urban America: Migration, Skyscrapers, and Urban Politics, 1870-1900

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  1. Urban America Urbanization: Chapter 15, Section 2

  2. Migration to Cities • 1870-1900– Urban population grew from 10 million – 30 million • NYC: 800,000-3.5 million (1860-1900) • Chicago: 109,000-1.6 million (by 1900) • 1840: 131 cities– by 1900: 1,700 cities • Immigrants– Why? • Rural Americans– Why?

  3. New Urban Environment • Engineers and architects developed new approaches to housing and transport • Skyscrapers • 1885: Home Insurance Building (Chicago) • Manhattan • Louis Sullivan • Mass Transit • Horsecar • 1873: Cable cars– San Francisco • 1877: Electric trolley car (Frank J. Sprague) • Elevated train/subway systems

  4. New York City Skyline, 1900

  5. Separation by Class • Wealthy, middle, and working class people all lived in different parts of town. • High Society– Fashionable districts • Middle-Class Gentility– “Streetcar Suburbs” • Working Class– Tenements

  6. Urban Problems • Crime, violence, disease, pollution– particularly for working class • Rapid urbanization made these problems worse • 1880-1900– Murder rate jumped from 25 per million people to 100 per million people • Native born Americans often blamed immigrants • Alcohol

  7. Urban Politics • Political system derived to meet urban problems– provided essential city services in return for political power • ThePolitical Machine, ran by Party Bosses– Why? • Cities grew faster than their governments • People needed jobs, houses, food, heat, and police– provided by Machine and Party Bosses • Graft and fraud • Tammany Hall

  8. Tammany Hall

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