STDs & PREVENTION don’t be come a statistic

1. STDs & PREVENTIONdon’t become a statistic

2. Define/explain what STD or STI is Sexually Transmitted Disease Sexually Transmitted Infection “Socially” may be substituted for Sexually in some cases Infectious diseases spread from person to person through sexual contact “A person can have an infection, and pass the infection to others, without necessarily having the disease”

3. What is an epidemic? Occurrences of diseases in which many people in the same place at the same time are affected Causes: Early age sexual intercourse, multiple sex partners, no precautions taken to prevent infection, embarrassment, person does not know they have an STD, STD is in hibernation stage and person believes it is gone or cured

4. What does asymptomatic mean? Having the disease without symptoms or not showing signs of having it Disease may be spreading internally without any physical signs

5. Why are STDs/STIs such a problem when it comes to treatments and transmission? • “A person can have an infection, and pass the infection to others, without necessarily having the disease” • 65 million people in the USA living with an incurable STD – many undiagnosed and untreated because they do not know they have the disease • Embarrassed to seek treatment and tell current and past partners • When diagnosed, may not be reported to health departments so contacts can be notified and treated, then they unknowingly transmit to others

6. What are considered to be high risk behaviors associated with STDs? • Being sexually active with more than one person – even one partner may be a risk depending on their past sexual history • Engaging in unprotected sex – barrier methods are not 100% effective against all STDS • Selecting high-risk partners – history of being sexually active and/or injecting illegal drugs • Using alcohol and other drugs – lowered inhibitions (more than 25% of teens engaged in sexual activity under the influence of alcohol or other drugs)

7. What are 4 main consequences of contracting an STD? Some STDs • are incurable • cause cancer • can cause complications that affect the reproductive systems – damage and infertility • can be passed from an infected female to her child before, during, or after birth

8. What is the only way to prevent contracting an STD? Abstinence – the deliberate decision to avoid harmful behaviors, including sexual activity before marriage and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs Refusal skills are used to avoid and prevent high-risk behaviors or forming bad habits

9. Avoidance of STDs(other than Abstinence) • Sexual fidelity / monogamous relationship • Precautions – use of condom “safer sex” • Know your partner’s sexual and health history • Avoid sharing needles or other infected objects • Avoid bodily fluid exchanges (saliva, blood, semen, vaginal secretions) • Avoid drug abuse (impairs judgment) • Avoid sharing contaminated clothes & linens

10. What do I do if I suspect having an STD? • Prevent transmission to others – abstinence • Seek help diagnosis from doctor • Start treatment immediately and complete full use of medication • Notify current and any past partner(s) • After treatment go back for a second check up • If your STD is incurable, learn how to live with the STD and prevent its spread to others

11. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) & Genital Warts Virus that causes genital warts or asymptomatic infection Most common viral STD in USA 50%-75% sexually active males & females acquire HPV at some time in their life 30 different types NO TREATMENT Cervical cancers & cancers of penis and anus Genital warts pink or reddish with cauliflower-like tops 1-3 months after being infected, itching and burning HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS Can get rid of wart outbreak but not the virus NO cure

12. Chlamydia Bacterial infection affecting male & female reproductive organs 40% of cases reported are from ages 15-19 Asymptomatic 75% of females & 50% males Discharge from penis and burning, testicular pain, later cause infertility Vaginal discharge, burning urination, abdominal pain & painful intercourse, bleeding between menstrual periods, may later cause PID and long term pelvic pain or infertility, premature birth and infants can have eye infections or pneumonia Treated with antibiotics but no immunity – may become infected again

13. Genital Herpes (Herpes Simplex II) Herpes Simplex Virus Type I is usually a cold sore (around mouth) Type II causes genital sores Both can infect the other area (oral sex) 20% of total adolescent population (1 in 5) Asymptomatic Blister-like sores in area and may be spread even when blisters are not present, flu-like symptoms Transmitted by skin to skin contact, contact with sores during outbreak, mother to child at birth (cesarean section to prevent transmission to baby) NO cure Potentially fatal to new born babies who contract it from the mother during delivery

14. Gonorrhea Bacterial affecting mucous membranes of urinary tract and reproductive organs in females Highest rate in female age 15-19 and males 20-24 Most commonly reported STD in USA Male – green creamy pus-like discharge from penis & painful urination, testicular pain, and infertility 50% of females asymptomatic, otherwise green creamy pus-like vaginal discharge & pain during urination and intercourse, lower abdominal pain, bleeding between or excessive bleeding during menstrual periods, infertility May be passed onto baby during birth and cause eye infections and blindness Treated with antibiotics but can be infected again later some strains are resistant to penicillin

15. Trichomoniasis Microscopic protozoan infecting vagina, urethra, and bladder 5 million new cases each year in USA Females asymptomatic, or vaginitis/vaginosis (inflammation of vagina, yellowish discharge, odor, irritation, itching), redness, painful urination, and painful intercourse Males asymptomatic, or urethral itching, discharge and burning during urination Treated with antibiotics

16. Syphilis Bacterium called a spirochete attacking many parts of the body Painless reddish sore called a chancre at infection site that later heals on its own, but then spreads through the blood to other body parts Symptoms disappear and then return later leading to skin lesions, mental deterioration, damage to liver, nervous system, kidneys and later cause paralysis, convulsions, blindness, and heart disease, or even death (organ failure) From pregnant female to fetus causing damaged nervous system and death to child Transmission most common when in first 2 stages (up to 3 months) Treat as early as possible!

17. Chancroid Bacteria causing bumps or sores on the genitals, infection of lymph glands in the same area Treated with antibiotics but person may contract again in the future if not protected Prevention - abstinence

18. Hepatitis B Virus infecting the liver with a long survival period No cure 90% of victims are asymptomatic Nausea, vomiting, jaundice (yellowing of skin & eyes), loss of appetite, fever, fatigue, headaches, dark urine, light colored stools, loss of weight Chronic infection, cirrhosis, and cancer of liver Antiviral drug to fight infection, but no cure Transmitted through infected blood or body fluids

19. Hepatitis C Viral blood borne infection Asymptomatic Liver damage and disease Antiviral drugs, but no cure

20. Pubic Lice Small parasitic insect/mite infecting hair parts of the body Itching due to presence of lice and eggs in the pubic hair Transmitted through direct physical contact, sharing contaminated clothes or linens, in some cases infested furniture Treated with over-the-counter medical soaps, washing all bedding, towels, clothing with hot water and drying on high heat and ironing to destroy eggs

21. Scabies Small parasitic insect/mite living on or in the skin Female mite burrows into skin to lay eggs, then eggs incubated by human body heat Itching of genital area, mites move on skin surface, rashes in folds of skin between genitals, abdomen, elbows, wrists, fingers Transmitted through direct physical contact, sharing contaminated clothes or linens, in some cases infested furniture Treated with prescription medicated shampoos, ointments, creams, washing all bedding, towels, clothing with hot water and drying on high heat and ironing to destroy eggs

22. Candidiasis Fungal infection of vagina Usually not caused by sexual contact Female may have white cheesy discharge & itching Male may have no symptoms but pass it onto partner (female could have given it to male and then got treated, then the male passes it back to the female) Treated with over-the-counter medications

23. Which STDs have a vaccination? Hepatitishttp://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/ & A vaccine can now protect females from the four types of HPVthat cause most cervical cancers and genital warts. The vaccine is recommended for 11 and 12 year-old girls. It is also recommended for girls and women age 13 through 26 who have not yet been vaccinated or completed the vaccine series.

24. Will a vaccination work if a person has already contracted a disease? Why? NO – once a person contracts a virus they are a carrier for the rest of their life and can transmit to others if precautions are not taken A vaccination must be administered before a person comes in contact with the disease

25. Treatment • EVERYONE is responsible for prevention & treatment • Embarrassment is no excuse – seek treatment immediately and then get rechecked • Social obligation to prevent spread by communicating with current and all past partners so they may be tested and treated if needed • Prevent bodily damage, injury or potential death!

26. What does AIDS stand for?What causes AIDS and what does this cause stand for? • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome • HIV is the cause of AIDS • Human Immunodeficiency Virus – immune system becomes weaker as it fights off the replicating virus

27. Does a person actually die from AIDS? Why? T cells are invaded by the HIV causing the T cell to replicated and reproduce more HIV Once the cell ruptures more HIV are released into the blood stream to invade more T cells T cells help fight infection, but over time their numbers are reduced making the body more susceptible to opportunistic diseases or infections These infections then are difficult to treat because the immune system is fighting HIV and the OD at the same time AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV infection where the immune system can no longer fight disease or infection on its own

28. How is HIV transmitted? How may this be different than other STDs? From infected person to uninfected person through blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk sexual intercourse sharing needles mother to baby during pregnancy or birth

29. Why is it important to get tested if you show signs or symptoms of any STD? Prevention of spread of the disease to another person and to prevent any further damage to one’s own body Make sure you get tested a second time! Some diseases (viral) do not always show up in a test right after it has been transmitted because the body has not built up enough antibodies in the blood stream to be detected by the test.

30. PREVENTION THE REASON WHY WE STUDY AND LEARN ABOUT WHAT STDs CAN DO DON’T BECOME A STATISTIC! THINK BE RESPONSIBLE FOR YOUR ACTIONS BE SAFE