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Section 8-2

Section 8-2. Carbon Compounds. Organic Compounds. Any compound with carbon is called organic Exception is CO 2 Hydrocarbons Contain only carbon and hydrogen Name ends in “ ane ” Used for fuel (i.e. propane, methane, etc.) Structural Formulas Shows arrangement of elements in a compound

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Section 8-2

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  1. Section 8-2 Carbon Compounds

  2. Organic Compounds • Any compound with carbon is called organic • Exception is CO2 • Hydrocarbons • Contain only carbon and hydrogen • Name ends in “ane” • Used for fuel (i.e. propane, methane, etc.) • Structural Formulas • Shows arrangement of elements in a compound • Each “-” represents a shared pair • Examples:

  3. Isomers • Same chemical formula, different structure • The hydrocarbon name then begins with “iso” • Examples:

  4. Saturated and Unsaturated • Saturated hydrocarbons have all single bonds • Holding on to the maximum number of hydrogen • Unsaturated hydrocarbons have double and triple bonds • Names end in “ene” or “yne” • Examples:

  5. Substituted Hydrocarbons • Elements and Polyatomic ions can be substituted for hydrogen • Halogen substitution • Freon (CCl2F2): • Trichloroethane(C2H3Cl3) • Alcohols • Hydroxyl group (OH-) substitution • Names end in “ol” • Methanol (CH3OH: • Ethanol (C2H5OH):

  6. More Substituted Hydrocarbons • Organic Acids • Carboxyl Group substitution (-COOH) • Acetic acid (CH3COOH): • Formic Acid (HCOOH): • Esters • Carboxyl and Hydroxyl group substitution • Have fruity smells • Example:

  7. Polymers • Organic compounds can be linked together to form long chain molecules • Small molecules called monomers • Large chain called polymer • Example:

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