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Atmospheric CO 2 & Temperature – what is normal?

Atmospheric CO 2 & Temperature – what is normal?. Presented by Julie Brigham-Grette and Beth Caissie. July 2010. CO 2 and Temperature—What is Normal?. Concepts to Address before you begin Climate vs. Weather Greenhouse Gasses The Carbon Cycle Play the game?

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Atmospheric CO 2 & Temperature – what is normal?

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  1. Atmospheric CO2 & Temperature – what is normal? Presented by Julie Brigham-Grette and Beth Caissie July 2010

  2. CO2 and Temperature—What is Normal? • Concepts to Address before you begin • Climate vs. Weather • Greenhouse Gasses • The Carbon Cycle • Play the game? • Photosynthesis and Decomposition • Concepts to grasp During the Activity • How much of a change in CO2 concentration and other GHGs is natural? • What is the normal range of CO2 and temperature variability? How is normal defined in this context? • What is the relationship between CO2 and global temperatures?

  3. Season Change in the Biosphere

  4. What causes this change in annual Carbon dioxide?

  5. http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/ Seasonal changes cause up/downs in CO2 in the atmosphere Especially driven by Northern Hemisphere. Spring - photosynthesis drops CO2, Fall - decomposition causes increase in CO2

  6. Monitoring of CO2 and other Greenhouse gases around the world All get similar measurements Why?

  7. http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/

  8. Global View CO2 http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/globalview/co2/co2_intro.html

  9. Thermal drilling on Quelccaya, 2003

  10. Drilling in Greenland http://passporttoknowledge.com/polar-palooza/pp09a.php Video podcast from Polar Palooza

  11. Matt Nolan, UAF Fossil air! Trapped in the ice; records past atmosphere Summit Station, Greenland photo by Michael Morrison, GISP2 SMO, University of New Hampshire; NOAA Paleoslide SetCore: Eric Cravens, Assistant Curator, U.S. National Ice Core Laboratory;

  12. Raynaud, 1992 Gases within bubbles = fossil atmospheric air

  13. Firn-ice transition • Depth of transition depends on surface temperature and accumulation rate • Camp Century, Greenland: ~68 m below ice sheet surface • Vostok, Antarctica: ~100 m below ice sheet surface Low precip. and cold = long time to make ice High precip. and warm =short time to make ice

  14. Analysis: Defining amplitude, frequency, periodicity Defining Normal? Understanding the relationship between Greenhouse gases and temperature. Classroom options: Plot by hand on graph paper, Plot on computer using Excel Overlay Temperature on CO2 Instructions for Excel on website

  15. wikipedia art

  16. Oxygen (8 protons) 16O 17O 18O 99.8% 0.04% 0.2% Hydrogen (1 proton) 1H 2H (Deuterium) 3H (tritium) 99.98% 0.016% (bombs) So, can make 9 isotopic combinations of H2O, e.g., 18 (1H216O) to 22 (2H218O) “light water” “heavy water” In paleoclimate studies…1H1H16O to 1H218O

  17. General Equation: 18O = 18O/16O sample - 18O/16O standard x 1000 18O/16O standard Expressed in per mille (0/00) Negative values = lower ratios = isotopically lighter (less 18O than 16O) Positive values = higher ratios = isotopically heavier (more 18O than 16O)

  18. d18O isotopic depletion -50 -40 -30 -20 Evaporation of more 16O Ice Sheet -10 0 ocean In Sea In Ice Glacials = enriched 18O depleted 18O Interglacials = depleted 18O enriched 18O

  19. dD isotopic depletion depends on temp of source area, Distance and processes during precipitation Ice Sheet ocean Isotopic ratios are used to model temperature, at Vostok; empirically this is roughly: Temperature (deg-C) = -55.5 + (δD + 440) / 6 http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/labs/vostok/ See also http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/gctext/Inquiries/Inquiries_by_Unit/Unit_8a.htm

  20. mixed sources for data

  21. http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/CarbonCycle/carbon_cycle4.htmlhttp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/CarbonCycle/carbon_cycle4.html

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