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Chapter 1: How are Therapeutic Modalities Related to One Another? The Basic Science

Chapter 1: How are Therapeutic Modalities Related to One Another? The Basic Science. Jennifer Doherty-Restrepo, MS, LAT, ATC FIU Entry-Level ATEP Therapeutic Modalities. Radiant Energy. ___________ = Process By Which Energy In Various Forms Travels Through Space

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Chapter 1: How are Therapeutic Modalities Related to One Another? The Basic Science

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  1. Chapter 1: How are Therapeutic Modalities Related to One Another? The Basic Science Jennifer Doherty-Restrepo, MS, LAT, ATC FIU Entry-Level ATEP Therapeutic Modalities

  2. Radiant Energy • ___________ = Process By Which Energy In Various Forms Travels Through Space • Sunlight Is A Form Of Radiant Energy • Can Be Produced By Movement of Electrons • Many Modalities Produce Radiant Energy • Different Forms Of Radiant Energy Are Represented By Different ___________ • Spectrum = Distinct _____________ Due To Different ______________ and ______________

  3. Spectrum Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Violet Prism

  4. Electromagnetic Spectrum • ____________________ = The Range of Frequencies And Wavelengths Associated With Radiant Energy

  5. Infrared (Thermal Changes) Spectrum Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Violet Ultraviolet (Chemical Changes)

  6. Electromagnetic Radiations • _____________________ = Other Forms Of Radiation Beyond Infrared And Ultraviolet Regions May Be Produced When An ______________ Is Applied • These Radiations Have Different Wavelengths And Frequencies Than Those In The ______________ Spectrum

  7. Electromagnetic Spectrum Longest Wavelength Lowest Frequency Electrical Stimulating Currents Commercial Radio and Television Shortwave Diathermy Microwave Diathermy Infrared { LASER Visible Light Ultraviolet Shortest Wavelength Highest Frequency Ionizing Radiation

  8. Wavelength and Frequency • Wavelength = Distance Between Peak Of One Wave and Peak of the Next Wave

  9. Wavelength and Frequency • _________ = Number Of Wave Oscillations Or Vibrations Per Second • Usually expressed in ______________ • All forms of electromagnetic radiation travel at a _____________, therefore the formula: • __________ = Wavelength X _____________ • Longer wavelengths must have _______ frequencies • Shorter wavelengths must have _______ frequencies

  10. Electromagnetic Radiations Share Similar Physical Characteristics • Produced When Sufficient __________ Or _______ Forces Are Applied To Any Material • Travel Readily Through Space At A Constant Velocity (______________) • Direction Of Travel Is Always In A ______________

  11. Electromagnetic Radiations Share Similar Physical Characteristics • When Contacting Biological Tissues May Be… • Reflected • Bends back

  12. Electromagnetic Radiations Share Similar Physical Characteristics • When Contacting Biological Tissues May Be… • Reflected • Transmitted • Propagated to deeper tissue

  13. Electromagnetic Radiations Share Similar Physical Characteristics • When Contacting Biological Tissues May Be… • Reflected • Transmitted • Refracted • Changes direction as propagated to deeper tissue

  14. Electromagnetic Radiations Share Similar Physical Characteristics • When Contacting Biological Tissues May Be… • Reflected • Transmitted • Refracted • Absorbed • Stimulates tissue to perform its normal function

  15. Laws Governing The Effects of Electromagnetic Radiations • _____________________________ • No Changes Or Reactions Can Occur In Tissues Unless The Amount Of Energy ________ Is Sufficient To Stimulate The ______________ • Goal of therapeutic modalities is to __________ _________________________________ • Too much energy absorbed by tissues may seriously impair ______________ and could cause ______________

  16. Laws Governing The Effects of Electromagnetic Radiations • ____________________________ • If The Energy Is Not Absorbed It Must Be ____________________________ • _________ Relationship Between Energy And Absorption • The Greater The Amount Of Energy Absorbed, The ______ Transmitted To Deeper Tissues, Thus ______ Penetration

  17. Laws Governing The Effects of Electromagnetic Radiations • ______________________ • The _____________ The Angle Between The Propagating Radiation And The Right Angle, The ________ Radiation Energy Is Reflected Thereby Allowing Greater Absorption Source Source

  18. Laws Governing The Effects of Electromagnetic Radiations • ___________________ • The Intensity Of The Radiation Striking A Surface Varies _________ With The Square Of The Distance From The Source

  19. Electromagnetic Modalities • The Majority of Therapeutic Modalities Used By Athletic Trainers Emit A Type Of Energy With Wavelengths And Frequencies That Can Be Classified As ______________________ • Electromagnetic radiations with ____________ wavelengths have the ability to transmit energy through the superficial tissues, thus penetrating to the __________ tissues where the energy is absorbed

  20. Electromagnetic Modalities • Infrared Modalities • ______________ • ______________ • Shortwave And Microwave Diathermy • Electrical Stimulating Currents • Low-Power Lasers • Ultraviolet Radiation Therapy • Magnet Therapy

  21. Infrared Modalities Cold = Cryotherapy Heat = Thermotherapy

  22. What Should Cryotherapy Be Used For? • To ________ Local Temperature • To ________ Local Metabolism • To ________ Blood Flow (Vasoconstriction) • To ________ Venous And Lymphatic Flow • To ________ Nerve Conduction Velocity • To ________ Muscle Excitability • Analgesia

  23. Cryotherapy Techniques • Ice Bags or Ice Packs

  24. Cryotherapy Techniques • Ice Bags or Ice Packs • Ice Massage

  25. Cryotherapy Techniques • Ice Bags or Ice Packs • Ice Massage • Fluori-methane (Spray and Stretch)

  26. Cryotherapy Techniques • Ice Bags or Ice Packs • Ice Massage • Fluori-methane (Spray and Stretch) • Contrast Bath

  27. What Should Thermotherapy Be Used For? • To _______ Local Temperature • To _______ Local Metabolism • To _______ Blood Flow (Vasodilation) • To _______ Venous And Lymphatic Drainage • To _______ Elasticity of Muscles & Ligaments • To _______ Nerve Conduction Velocity • To _______ Muscle Excitability • Analgesia

  28. Thermotherapy Techniques • Hydrocollator Packs

  29. Thermotherapy Techniques • Hydrocollator Packs • Whirlpools

  30. Thermotherapy Techniques • Hydrocollator Packs • Whirlpools • Paraffin Baths

  31. Thermotherapy Techniques • Hydrocollator Packs • Whirlpools • Paraffin Baths • Fluidotherapy

  32. Shortwave And Microwave Diathermy

  33. Diathermy • High Frequency Electromagnetic Energy • Used Primarily To Generate ______ In The Tissues

  34. Shortwave Diathermy • May Be Either Continuous Or Pulsed • Continuous SWD • Produces _____________________ ________ In Tissues Generating Heat • Results in deep heating • Pulsed SWD • Causes _____________ In Damaged Cells Correcting Dysfunction

  35. When Should Diathermy Be Used? • If The Skin Or Some Underlying Soft Tissue Is Unable To Tolerate ________ • When The Treatment Goal Is To Increase Tissue Temperatures In A __________ • When the treatment area contains a thick layer of subcutaneous fat

  36. Electrical Stimulating Currents

  37. Electrical Stimulating Currents • All Can Be Classified As ________ ________ ________ ________ • Electrical Muscle Stimulators (EMS) • Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulators (TENS) • Low Intensity Stimulators (LIS/MENS)

  38. Electrical Stimulating Currents • The Electrical Stimulating Currents That Affect Nerve And Muscle Tissue Have The ________ Wavelengths And The _______ Frequencies Of Any Of The Therapeutic Modalities • Used Primarily For… • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________

  39. Low Power LASER Therapy

  40. What Are Low-Power Lasers Used For? • LASER = Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation • Produces No ________ ________ • Used Primarily For… • Soft-tissue And Fracture Healing • Pain Management • Not Approved By _____ For Therapeutic Use

  41. Ultraviolet Light Therapy

  42. What Can Ultraviolet Therapy Be Used For? • Causes ________ ________ In Skin Resulting In A ________ Effect • Effects Are Superficial (<2mm) • Primarily Used To Treat A Variety Of Skin Lesions • Acne, Folliculitis,Tinea, Septic Wounds • Seldom Used In Treatment Because Of The Availability Of Topical Agents

  43. Magnet Therapy

  44. Magnet Therapy • Despite Popularity, No One Really Knows How They Work!! • Generally Thought To Be Safe

  45. What Are Magnets Used For? • Pain Modulation • Facilitate Strength • Physiological Effects Include… • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________

  46. Therapeutic Ultrasound Unlike The Other Therapeutic Modalities Discussed Thus Far, Ultrasound Is ________ Energy

  47. Acoustic Energy • Cannot Travel Through Space • Must Travel Through A ________ • More Dense Medium = Higher ________ Of Travel • Relies On ________ ________ For Transmission Of Energy • Depth Of Penetration ________ Than Any Form Of Electromagnetic Energy

  48. What Should Ultrasound Be Used For? • ________ ________ • Particularly In Deeper Tissues • ________ ________ • To Enhance Healing At Cellular Level

  49. Mechanical Modalities Intermittent Compression Traction Massage Techniques

  50. Intermittent Compression • Mechanical Units That Create External Pressure • Facilitates Venous And Lymphatic Reabsorbtion Of ________ • Helps Decrease ____ & Increase ____

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