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Agenda

Agenda. Topic: US involvement in the Middle East Israel OPEC Gas Lines Economic Pains Carter and Israel Carter and Iran Second Oil Crisis. Israel. Created in the wake of World War II and in response to the Holocaust as well as history of anti- semitic policies in Europe.

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Agenda

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  1. Agenda • Topic: US involvement in the Middle East • Israel • OPEC • Gas Lines • Economic Pains • Carter and Israel • Carter and Iran • Second Oil Crisis

  2. Israel Created in the wake of World War II and in response to the Holocaust as well as history of anti-semitic policies in Europe. Established in 1948, Israel was immediately attacked by Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan, Sudan, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia. Fighting Lasted a year, eventual ceasefire led to UN majority vote to accept Israel

  3. Israel and US • Extremely close relationship. • US one of First Nations to recognize Israel as legitimate nation • US Provided assistance to Israel during Yom Kippur War • Israel was sole democracy in Middle East • Religious ties • Many Israelites had lived in America including Golda Mier

  4. OPEC and Oil Embargo • Yom Kippur War 1973- Egypt and Syria attack Israel. • US Supports Israel with Money and weapons • OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) Agrees to massive increase in oil price and cuts in production. Several Countries simply refuse to sell to US.

  5. The Year is 1973 1972 1973 • Median US Family Income = $9,700 $10,312 • Avg. Price of Gas per gallon =$0.36 $0.60 • Average US Car Mileage= 13.5 mpg 13.5mpg

  6. What would you do • Working in groups of 2-3, take a few minutes to figure out five ways to deal with this crisis. Three of which must be policy changes (effects everyone) Two can be what you personally would do.

  7. What actually happened • Price Controls- Allow “old” oil to be sold at previous prices. “new” oil allowed to be sold at higher prices • Rationing -Limiting the amount sold per customer • Rotational rationing- Cars with even numbered Plates one day, Cars with Odd Number Plates the next • Reducing the Speed Limit to 55mph • Year Round Daylight Savings time • Raised CAFE Standards • Domestic Drilling • Nuclear Power/Wind/ Natural Gas

  8. What did this look like? • Gas Lines • Commercial Trucks Striking • Cold Winter • Increase in Mass Transit • Increase in Crime

  9. What were the effects • Manufacturers who made fuel efficient automobiles made inroads to American Markets • Americans began thinking about energy conservation for the first time since WWII • Eventually, Americans were lulled back into Oil dependence with low prices and short memories

  10. Camp David Accords • US dependence on Oil required peace in the region • September 1978- Carter invites Egypt and Israel to Camp David • Talks lead to the Peace Treaty of 1979. • Foreign Policy victory for Jimmy Carter

  11. Iran • United States backed Reza Pahlavi as Shah of Iran in 1951, toppling the democratically elected Mossadegh as Prime Minister. • The Shah saw no role for religion in government. • Poor • Reforms

  12. Neither East nor west • Several Muslim clerics saw Pahlavi as too western and that the nation was straying too far from Muslim roots. • Staged the Islamic revolution 1978-79 • Shaw fled • Ayatollah Khomeini installs himself as Supreme Leader • Oil Production declines

  13. Second Oil Crisis • Infrastructure and management of oil fields was destroyed in revolution. • Production cut • Price of Oil more than doubles • President sets out to relieve pressure with “Malaise speech” • Makes things worse.

  14. Can you predict what happens? • In your groups, Take five minutes to discuss the ramifications of inflation and what can be done to stop it. • How might the fixes make things worse?

  15. Great Recession • Oil Prices were causing inflation • Fed Raises interest rates • People stop borrowing • Stop Buying new homes • Unemployment rises • Consumer Confidence shrinks • People spend less money • Business lay off workers • People lose homes • Spend Less Money • Etc.Ect

  16. Taken Hostage • Reza Pahlavi admitted into US for Cancer Treatment • Ayatollah Khomeini demands US return him to Iran. • US Refuses • On November 4th 1979, US embassy in Tehran was attacked. 52 Embassy workers taken hostage

  17. Failed Rescue • Carter unable to secure release of prisoners using diplomacy orders military to stage a rescue attempt. • Mechanical difficulties • In air collision • Kills eight rescuers • Hostages remain in captivity • President Carter appears inept, weak, and uninspiring.

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