1 / 24

NEUROLOGY

NEUROLOGY. THE EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYSTEM. DEFINITION : It includes all fibers that can influence the motor end plate activity and do not pass in the pyramidal tract. Functions of the Extrapyramid al system: 1-Regulation and integration of voluntary motor activity.

nfreddie
Download Presentation

NEUROLOGY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. NEUROLOGY

  2. THE EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYSTEM • DEFINITION:It includes all fibers that can influence the motor end plate activity and do not pass in the pyramidal tract.

  3. Functions of the Extrapyramidal system: 1-Regulation and integration of voluntary motor activity. 2-Regulation and maintenance of the muscle tone. 3-Regulation and maintenance of emotional and associative movements.

  4. Disturbance of the functions of the extra-pyramidal system leads to:

  5. II-Disturbance in the regulation and maintenance of normal muscle tone resulting in: III-Disturbance in the regulation and maintenance of emotional and associated movements resulting in:

  6. PARKINSONISM • It is due to deficiency of dopamine in the basal ganglia and substantia nigra.

  7. *- Causes : I- Idiopathic: Parkinson's disease (paralysis agitans). The cause is unknown.

  8. II- Symptomatic: There is a known cause which leads to deficiency of dopamine in the brain,but without structural changes in the substantia nigra or basal ganglia.

  9. 1- Inflammatory: 2- Vascular: 3- Toxic: 4- Neoplastic: 5- Traumatic:

  10. CLINICAL PICTURE I-Tremors:-

  11. Mask-Face -Bent Posture- Gorilla like Pill- rolling Short steppage – Shuffling gait Parkinson’s patient

  12. II- Rigidity :-

  13. III- Loss of emotional and associative movements: • IV-Other clinical manifestations may be found in some cases (mainly post-encephalitic):

  14. * By far the commonest causes of Parkinsonism are: 1) Paralysis agitans. 2) Post-encephalitic. 3) Atherosclerosis.

  15. Treatment of Parkinsonism - The manifestations of Parkinsonism are due to an imbalance between the levels of acetylcholine and dopamine in the basal ganglia and substantia nigra.

  16. I- Anticholinergic drugs: .

  17. II- Levo-Dopa: (Dopamine precursor):

  18. III_ Levo-Dopa + Carbi-Dopa: (Sinemet)

  19. * On and off phenomenon: After long term treatment with L-dopa the patient may show signs a Parkinsonism (under treatment) alternating rapidly with signs of drug overdosage, mainly Chorea (over treatment),as if being turned "on and off." The dose of L-dopa should be reduced and other drugs as Bromocriptine are given.

  20. III- Dopamine agonist- IV-Amantadine hydrochloride (Symmetrel): V- Surgical : 1) Pallidectomy or 2) Thalamotomy

  21. CHOREA • DEFINITION:Chorea is involuntary, static, irregular, dysrhythmic, sudden, jerky, pseudopurposive movements of any part of the body, including the face, trunk and/or limbs.

  22. Athetosis • This a condition where there are: * Involuntary, irregular, static, slow, snake-like movements. They involve the extremities (especially the hands & fingers) and the face on each side.

  23. Dystonia * This is a condition where there are: * Involuntary, static, very slow, torsion or twisting like movements. * They involve the neck, trunk & the proximal muscles of the extremities

  24. Thank you

More Related