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Carbohydrates!

Carbohydrates!. Structure. Structure C, H, O/ 1:2:1 C 6 H 12 O 6 (CH 2 O)x many isomers Function ENERGY!!! Cell signaling Structural material. sugar. sugar. sugar. sugar. sugar. sugar. sugar. sugar. Types of Carbs. Monosaccharides - single monomer many isomers

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Carbohydrates!

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  1. Carbohydrates!

  2. Structure Structure C, H, O/ 1:2:1 C6H12O6 (CH2O)x many isomers Function ENERGY!!! Cell signaling Structural material

  3. sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar Types of Carbs Monosaccharides - single monomermany isomers Disaccharides – 2 monosaccharides **3-10 = oligosaccharides** Polysaccharide–100’s1,000’s monosaccharides

  4. H O C CH2OH CH2OH C OH O H H O H H H OH H OH H C H HO OH HO HO H H H OH OH H Glyceraldehyde Glucose Ribose • Most names end in -ose • Classified by # carbons • 6C = hexose (glucose) • 5C = pentose (ribose) • 3C = triose (glyceraldehyde) Classifying sugar 3 6 5

  5. Functional groups

  6. Structure determines function!!!! 5C & 6C sugars form rings in solution What is the medium that makes up most cells? What do you notice abouteach carbon in the ring?

  7. energy stored in C-C bondsharvested in cellular respiration C 6' Numbering! C O 5' C C 4' 1' C C 3' 2'

  8. H2O Saccharide Synthesis dehydration synthesis builds polymers | glucose | glucose | maltose glycosidiclinkage (C-O-C)

  9. Polysaccharides Classified by composition & function homopolysaccharides – same monomer Ex: starch, glycogen (glucose) Heterosaccharides– different monomers Ex: hyaluronic acid (D-glucuronic acid & D-N-acetylglucosamine) found in connective tissue

  10. And by function… cell identity - glycoproteins have carb tail identifying each cell Energy storage – can be hydrolyzed to form ATP Starch (plants) Glycogen (animals) Structure – chains bind for support Cellulose(cell walls) Chitin (exoskeleton, fungi)

  11. Role of Shape slow release starch energystorage glycogen fast release

  12. enzyme enzyme starcheasy todigest Starch vs. Cellulose cellulosehard todigest only bacteria can digest

  13. Fight for Fiber!

  14. Chitin Providing Structure Peptidoglycan

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