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Fascism Rises in Europe. Section 15.3. Fascism’s Rise in Italy. -Italians were bitter about the results of World War 1 -Rising inflation and unemployment also contributed to widespread social unrest -Italians blamed these problems on their democratic government
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Fascism Rises in Europe Section 15.3
Fascism’s Rise in Italy • -Italians were bitter about the results of World War 1 • -Rising inflation and unemployment also contributed to widespread social unrest • -Italians blamed these problems on their democratic government • -Wanted a strong leader who would take action
Mussolini takes control • -Benito Mussolini boldly promised to rescue Italy by reviving its economy and providing strong leadership • -As conditions worsened, he gained popularity • -King Emmanuel III decided putting Mussolini in charge was best • Why did Mussolini gain popularity? • What was the result of his popularity?
Mussolini changes Italy’s government • -Mussolini adopts the nickname Il Duce (the leader) • -He outlaws democracy and all parties except the Fascists • -Never achieved the total control experienced by Stalin or Hitler • What was the effect of Mussolini taking control of the government?
The Rise of the Nazis in Germany • -Hitler joined a tiny political group called the National Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi for short) • -Adopted the swastika as the party symbol • -After noticing Hitler’s skills as a speaker and political organizer, the party chose Hitler to be their leader • -Hitler plans to lead the Nazis in seizing power • Why did the party choose Hitler to be their leader? • What is the effect of Hitler becoming leaders of the Nazis?
Hitler is sentenced to prison • -The Nazi plan to seize power fails • -Hitler is sent to prison for treason • -Hitler writes Mein Kampf, which outlines his goals for Germany • -Calls the Treaty of Versailles an outrage • -Declares that all “non-Aryans” (Jews, Slavs, Gypsies) were inferior • -Believed that Germany should take over other countries • -Hitler was released from prison after 9 months • Why was Hitler put in prison? • What was an effect of Hitler’s prison sentence?
Hitler Becomes Chancellor • -The Nazi party becomes the largest political party in Germany by 1932 • -Hitler promises strong leadership and relief from economic problems • -President Paul von Hindenburg names Hitler chancellor • -Hitler uses his position to eventually take control of the entire country • -He turns Germany into a totalitarian state • Why does the President name Hitler chancellor? • What effect does this appointment have?
The Fuhrer is Supreme • -As leader Hitler adopts the nickname The Fuhrer (leader) • -Mistrusts any non-Nazi ideas • -Seeks to control all press, radio, literature, painting etc. by turning them into tools for propaganda • -Burns all books that do not conform to Nazi beliefs in huge bonfires. • Why did Hitler burn books? • What effect would this have?
Hitler Makes War on Jews • -Anti-Semitism (Hatred of Jews) was a key part of Nazi ideology • -Nazis used Jews as a scapegoat for all of Germany’s problems • -Widespread hatred of Jews spread throughout Germany • -The Nazis passed laws depriving Jews of most rights • -Hatred of Jews increased • Why did the Nazis pass laws that deprived Jews of their rights? • What effect did these laws have?
Kristallnacht • -In 1938, Nazi mobs attacked Jews in their homes and destroyed Jewish buildings. This attack was called Kristallnacht(Night of Broken Glass) • -Signaled the beginning of the process of eliminating Jews from Germany