WMO - GAW

1. WMO - GAW Liisa Jalkanen Atmospheric Environment Research (AER) Division WMO Secretariat

2. What is GAW? • WMO/GAW was established in 1989 by merging GO3OS and BAPMoN, recent events were the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1987 and establishment of IPCC by WMO and UNEP in 1988. • GAW focuses on global long-term networks for GHGs, ozone, UV, aerosols, selected reactive gases, and precipitation chemistry. • GAW is a partnership involving contributors from 80 countries and collaboration with other networks, projects and initiatives • GAW is coordinated by the Atmospheric Environment Research Division (AER) of WMO/RES. • Currently GAW coordinates activities and data from 26 Global, 410 fully operational Regional, and 81 fully operational Contributing stations

3. Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) • Long term systematic monitoring of atmospheric chemical and physical parameters globally • Analysis and assessment • Development of predictive capability

4. GAW Strategic Plan (GSP) Goals and implementation plan by programme area (parameter, QA/QC, data management, capacity building (developing countries)…) Products and services (user connection) For years 2008 – 2015

5. MONITORING THEMES • Stratospheric Ozone • Tropospheric Ozone • Greenhouse Gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs,) • Reactive Gases (CO, VOC, NOy, SO2) • Precipitation Chemistry • Aerosols (chemical, physical, AOD) • UV Radiation • (Natural Radionuclides, Rn222, Be7,14CO)

6. Components of the GAW Programme

7. GAW Station Information System … GAWSISOnline - comprehensive information on all GAW stations • Database • Search / Update • Inventory / Audit (Supported by Switzerland) 26 Global + about 500 Regional and Contributing stations

8. QA/QC in GAW • Scientific Advisory Groups (SAGs) • Quality Assurance/Science Activity Centres (QA/SACs) • World Calibration Centres (WCCs) • World Data Centres (WDCs) • GAW stations: primary responsibility for generated data • Instrument calibrations • Instrument intercomparisons • Station audits • Laboratory comparisons • Training

9. Data Application • Data analysis and distribution • GAWSIS, WDCs, Stations • Assessments and data application • Conventions: Vienna, UNFCC, LRTAP • Ozone assessments with UNEP, NOAA, EU, NASA • Antarctic ozone hole bulletin • Total ozone maps over Northern Hemisphere • Greenhouse gas bulletins, IPCC • Use in model validation • Integration of GAW data with satellite observations • Workshops on data analysis and interpretation • Studies, research projects • National, regional and global studies • Attract research projects to GAW stations

10. NRT Data Delivery ToRs for Team • Contribute to the design of activities that enhance the transfer of GAW data in near real time through the WMO GTS/WIS to meet the needs of NWP Centres assimilating chemical observations and AQF. • Actively participate in the implementation of pilot projects that develop and demonstrate ways to solve problems in near real time delivery of GAW data. • Contribute to the development of the WMO GTS/WIS as representatives of the atmospheric chemistry observations community.

11. Annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletins GAW Global CO2 network Greenhouse gas calibrations Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Group (CCGG) at NOAA CMDL WMO Central CO2 Laboratory (CCL) Activities for over 20 years, “WMO CO2 Experts” meetings Number of CO2 calibrations that differ from NOAA by: 1991-1992 1995-1997 1999-2000 < 0.10 ppm 13 32 44 > 0.25 20 5 5

12. WMO Antarctic Ozone Bulletins An example of a need for integrated products in near-real time http://www.wmo.int/web/arep/ozone.html SPARC-SSG: Kyoto 26-30 Oct 2009 12

13. 2009 Antarctic ozone holeArea and mass deficit < 220 DU Area where total O3 < 220 DU O3 deficit within 220 DU contour Plots downloaded from KNMI TEMIS web site and based on data from GOME and SCIAMACHY http://www.temis.nl SPARC-SSG: Kyoto 26-30 Oct 2009

14. IGACO-Ozone/UV Dedicated web site http://www.igaco-o3.fi/ IGACO-Ozone/UV Implementation plan is published Available here: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/documents/TD_No1465_GAW182_web.pdf Several workshops have been held Anavyssos, May 2006: Defining tasks Dübendorf, March 2007: Discussion on data exchange issues Geneva, May 2008: First ozone theme meeting. Jointly organised by WMO-GAW, NDACC, IO3C and IGACO-O3/UV. Geneva, May 2009: Second ozone theme meeting (O3 X-sections) Geneva, 23-25 March 2010: Third ozone theme meeting (further discussions on O3 X-sections) 14

15. IGACO-Ozone/UV Focus is now on ozone absorption cross sections Different cross sections used in different communities (Dobson/ Brewer, satellite, etc) Systematic 5% difference in total ozone between Brewer and FTIR Emphasis will be on the Huggins band in the beginning Other spectral regions (Chappuis, IR, MW) will come later SPARC-SSG: Kyoto 26-30 Oct 2009 15

16. GAW Urban Research Meteorology and Environment GURME project

18. Shanghai MHEWS WMO project Shanghai is a mega-city situated on the shores of the East China Sea and the Yangtze River Mouth • dense population: 18 millon • rapid economic development: aiming to be the economic, financial, trade, and transportation center of China. • Threat of Multi-Hazard to Shanghai: frequently affected by natural hazards such as typhoons and associated marine hazards such as storm surge, heavy storms, heavyfog, heat-waves, and by atmospheric pollution episodes Shanghai GURME project: air pollution, heat island, urban relevant meteorological measurements

19. Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observations WMO GAW/IGACO • EXPO 2010 • Better City, Better Life • WMO/CMA Pavilion is planned to demonstrate: • Multi-hazard early warning • Integrated global observing system • Climate change • Other agreed activities: • Second World Conference on Broadcast Meteorology • with live weather forecast around the world during the conference (planned)

20. Collaboration critical for success!