The Progressive Movement: Reforming America in the 20th Century

1. Ch. 17.1 Progressivism

2. Essential Questions • What were the social, economic, and political conditions that provoked the progressive movement? • What were the goals of the progressive movement?

3. Life before the 20th Century • Could women vote? • Did workers have the rights that we do today? • Could rats get mixed up in processed food? • Did people drive cars?

4. What does “progressive” mean? ?

5. The Progressive Era • Political, economic, and social change in late 19th century America leads to broad progressive reforms.

6. Four goals of progressivism • Protecting social welfare • Promoting moral improvement • Creating economic reform • Fostering efficiency

7. Progressivism Video

8. Promoting social welfare • Social Gospel, settlement houses inspire other reform groups • Florence Kelley, political activist, advocate for women, children • helps pass law prohibiting child labor, limiting women’s hours

9. Promoting moral improvement • Some feel poor should uplift selves by improving own behavior • Prohibition—banning of alcoholic drinks • Woman’s Christian Temperance Union spearheads prohibition crusade

10. Creating economic reform • 1893 panic prompts doubts about capitalism; many become socialists • Muckrakers—journalists who expose corruption in politics, business • Upton Sinclair – The Jungle • Ida M. Tarbell – “History of Standard Oil Company”

11. Fostering Efficiency • Many use experts, science to make society, workplace more efficient • Scientific management—time and motion studies applied to workplace • Assembly lines speed up production, make people work like machines • cause high worker turnover

12. Review • What are the four goals of progressivism?

13. Cleaning up local/state government • Governors push states to pass laws to regulate large businesses • Robert M. La Follette is 3-term governor, then senator of Wisconsin • Attacks big business

14. Child Labor • Child workers get lower wages, small hands handle small parts better • families need children’s wages • National Child Labor Committee gathers evidence of harsh conditions • Groups press government to ban child labor, cut hours

15. Working Hours • Muller v. Oregon—Court upholds limiting women to 10-hour workday • Bunting v. Oregon—upholds 10-hour workday for men • Reformers win workers’ compensation for families of injured, killed

16. Election Reform • Initiative—bill proposed by people, not lawmakers, put on ballots • Referendum—voters, not legislature, decide if initiative becomes law • Recall—voters remove elected official through early election • Primaries allow voters, not party machines, to choose candidates • Seventeenth Amendment permits popular election of senators

17. Door Ticket • What were the four goals of the progressives? • What was the temperance movement? • Name two reforms to elections.

18. 17.2 – Women’s role in the Progressive Movement • What major steps did women take to gain equal rights during the Progressive Era?

19. Intro Video

21. Women in the late 19th Century • Only middle-, upper-class women can devote selves to home, family • Poor women usually have to work for wages outside home

22. Women’s Reform Movement • Women reformers target workplace, housing, education, food, drugs • National Association of Colored Women (NACW)—child care, education • Susan B. Anthonyof National American Woman Suffrage Assoc. (NAWSA) • works for woman suffrage, or right to vote

23. Review • What is suffrage? • Who was a primary advocate for women’s suffrage?

24. 18.3 • AKS • Who was Teddy Roosevelt? • What was his contribution to progressivism and the modern presidency?

25. Intro

26. Teddy Roosevelt • Rough Rider • President McKinley shot; Roosevelt becomes president at 42 • Modern President • Square Deal

27. Trust Buster

28. Trust Buster • Uses the Sherman Anti-Trust act to: • Break up monopolies and trusts

29. What is this?

30. Health and the Environment • Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle—unsanitary conditions in meatpacking • Roosevelt pushes for Meat Inspection Act • Pure Food and Drug Act halts sale of contaminated food, medicine

31. Conservation of the Environment • Roosevelt sets aside forest reserves, sanctuaries, national parks • Believes conservation part preservation, part development for public

32. 18.4 • Who was the largest president in American History? • Who was the only president to also serves in the highest office of the Judicial Branch?

33. William Howard Taft – 27th President

34. Bull Moose Party • Republican Party Splits • Progressives form Bull Moose Party;nominate Roosevelt • Runs against Democrat Woodrow Wilson, reform governor of NJ • Wilson wins

35. 18.5 • Who was Woodrow Wilson? • What were his domestic and international visions for the United States?

36. Woodrow Wilson • 28th President • Wilson was lawyer, professor, president of Princeton, NJ governor • As president, focuses on trusts, tariffs, high finance • Fair Deal

37. Wilson’s Reforms • Clayton Antitrust Act stops companies buying stock to form monopoly • Federal Trade Commission (FTC)—new “watchdog” agency • investigates regulatory violations • ends unfair business practices • 1920 Nineteenth Amendment grants women right to vote • Federal Reserve System—private banking system under federal control