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Stairways and Ladders For Residential Construction

Stairways and Ladders For Residential Construction. Disclaimer/Usage Notes. Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance with applicable OSHA requirements.

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Stairways and Ladders For Residential Construction

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  1. Stairways and Ladders For Residential Construction Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  2. Disclaimer/Usage Notes • Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance with applicable OSHA requirements. • It is not the intent of the content developers to provide compliance-based training in this presentation, the intent is more to address hazard awareness in the residential construction industry, and to recognize the overlapping hazards present in many construction workplaces. • It should NOT be assumed that the suggestions, comments, or recommendations contained herein constitute a thorough review of the applicable standards, nor should discussion of “issues” or “concerns” be construed as a prioritization of hazards or possible controls. Where opinions (“best practices”) have been expressed, it is important to remember that safety issues in general and construction jobsites specifically will require a great deal of site- or hazard-specificity – a “one size fits all” approach is not recommended, nor will it likely be very effective. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  3. Disclaimer/Usage Notes • No representation is made as to the thoroughness of the presentation, nor to the exact methods of remediation to be taken. It is understood that site conditions vary constantly, and that the developers of this content cannot be held responsible for safety problems they did not address or could not anticipate, nor those which have been discussed herein or during physical presentation. It is the responsibility of the employer, its subcontractors, and its employees to comply with all pertinent rules and regulations in the jurisdiction in which they work. Copies of all OSHA regulations are available from your local OSHA office, and many pertinent regulations and supporting documents have been provided with this presentation in electronic or printed format. This presentation is intended to discuss Federal Regulations only - your individual State requirements may be more stringent. • It is assumed that individuals using this presentation or content to augment their training programs will be “qualified” to do so, and that said presenters will be otherwise prepared to answer questions, solve problems, and discuss issues with their audiences. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  4. Disclaimer/Usage Notes • Areas of particular concern (or especially suited to discussion) have additionally been marked with a ? symbol throughout the program…as a presenter, you should be prepared to discuss all of the potential issues/concerns, or problems inherent in those photos particularly. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  5. Stairways & Ladders Injuries & Fatalities: • 24,882 injuries, nearly half (11,570) are lost workday injuries • 77 fatalities Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  6. General Requirements • A stair or ladder must be provided at a break in elevation of 19” or more • Access points kept clear for free passage Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  7. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  8. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  9. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  10. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  11. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  12. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  13. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  14. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  15. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  16. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  17. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  18. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  19. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  20. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  21. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  22. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  23. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  24. Stairways • Uniform riser height and tread depth • Variations not over 1/4 inch for any stairway Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  25. Stairway Protection • Stairs must have railings; • with 4 or more treads, • or more than 30 inches high Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  26. Stairway - Handrails & Guardrails • Stair rails at least 36” from tread to top of rail • Midrails, screens, mesh, etc provided between top rail and the stairway steps • If screens/mesh is used, it must enclose entire opening Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  27. Extension ladders used at an angle so that the horizontal distance is 1/4the working ladder length Wood job-made ladders with spliced side rails used at an angle such that the horizontal distance is 1/8the working ladder height. Ladders Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  28. Too Flat Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  29. Use of all Ladders • Use only on stable level surfaces unless secured to prevent accidental movement • The area around top and bottom of all ladders shall be kept clear of tripping hazards • Ladders never moved, shifted or extended while occupied Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  30. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  31. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  32. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  33. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  34. Job-Made Ladders ANSI 14.4 – 1992 Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  35. Side Rails • Stress Grade Lumber • #2 Southern Pine • #2 Douglas Fir • FJL (Finger-joint Lumber) is acceptable Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  36. Rungs • 1 x 4 Nominal Dimension minimum • Knots < ¾ ” Diameter • No more than 2 per cleat span • No closer than 6” center to center • No closer than 1” from top or bottom edge OR • Use 2 x 4 material Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  37. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  38. Cleats • Material tight from rung to rung • Can be similar material (1 x 2 or 2 x 2) • Flat straps can be used • # 9 wire can be stapled Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  39. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  40. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  41. Fasteners • Nail Types • Plain shank • Ring shank Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  42. Attachments • Rungs & Cleats • 1 x 4 • Three, 3” long, 10d Common nails • 2 x 4 • Three, 3 ½” long, 12d Common nails • Spacing of nails • Stagger ¼” or more • At least 1” from edges Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  43. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  44. Length • Maximum length 24’ • Ladders that extend to landing must have walk-through top section Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  45. Width • Minimum of 16” between side rails • Maximum of 20” between side rails • Double ladders can be double widthplus the width of the rails Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  46. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  47. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  48. Rung Spacing • Minimum 8” • Maximum 12” • Variation + 1/4” Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  49. Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

  50. Use of all Ladders • Never use metal ladders near exposed energized electrical equipment Developed under an OSHA Susan B. Harwood Grant, #46F4-HT01, by the Associated Builders and Contractors-Central Texas Chapter

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