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The 1960s: Kennedy & Johnson

The 1960s: Kennedy & Johnson. Mr. Ermer U.S. History Honors Miami Beach Senior High. Election of 1960. Republican Vice President Richard M. Nixon vs. Democratic Senator John F. Kennedy Nixon promises moderate reforms

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The 1960s: Kennedy & Johnson

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  1. The 1960s:Kennedy & Johnson Mr. Ermer U.S. History Honors Miami Beach Senior High

  2. Election of 1960 • Republican Vice President Richard M. Nixon vs. Democratic Senator John F. Kennedy • Nixon promises moderate reforms • Kennedy promises new liberal reforms bigger than any since New Deal • Kennedy’s plan called the “New Frontier” • Kennedy’s youth and personality central to the campaign • First presidential campaign television plays large part in • Nixon/Kennedy debate televised and carried on radio • Kennedy wins election, overcoming doubts about his youth and religion, becoming nation’s first Catholic president • November 22, 1963: Kennedy assassinated in Dallas, Texas • Lee Harvey Oswald arrested as shooter, Jack Ruby assassinated Oswald • Chief Justice Earl Warren heads commission to investigate assassination • Kennedy unable to push through his reforms before death

  3. Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ) • Vice President Johnson sworn in after Kennedy is shot • Born poor, rose to power through Congress, believed in active power • Great coalition builder, uses skill and Kennedy’s legacy to pass reforms • Johnson wins election of 1964 against super conservative Rep. • The Great Society—the “war on poverty” • Medicare and Medicaid, provide healthcare to elderly and poor • Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) to assist poor • Controlled through “community action,” proves ineffective and corrupt • Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) • Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 • Immigration Act of 1965 • Eliminated the national quota system

  4. Kennedy’s Flexible Response • U.S. must use more than nuclear deterrence to fight communism • Focus on ability to fight “limited wars” in “emerging areas” • Bay of Pigs • Before leaving office, Eisenhower approves invasion of Cuba, using CIA-trained Cuban exiles • When Kennedy took office, CIA had spent months training Cuban exiles in Guatemala, Castro also learned about the invasion from leak • Exile force expects U.S. air support, uprising of Cubans against Castro • April 17, 1961: Castro forces ambush invasion, Kennedy cancels air support, uprising never happens • August 13, 1961: Khrushchev orders building of Berlin Wall • Cuban Missile Crisis • October 14, 1962: U.S. spy plane takes pictures of Soviet missile sties being built in western Cuba (Soviet answer to U.S. missiles in Turkey) • October 22: Kennedy orders U.S. naval blockade of Cuba • October 26: Khrushchev agrees to remove missiles, if U.S. promises not to invade Cuba—crisis over • “Hotline” installed in White House for direct contact with Kremlin

  5. Work On It: • On page 376, write and answer questions 1-10

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