Marine Protected Areas

1. Marine Protected Areas & Marine Managed Areas of the CNMI

2. Primary Benefits Coral reefs buffer Saipan from typhoons and storm surges Secondary Benefits Prevent shoreline erosion and loss of beach sand Provide protected anchorages for boats Reduce property loss & damage Permit marine sports activities during bad or choppy weather Reefs Provide Protection

3. Potential Pharmacies New drugs for treating cancer, arthritis, bacterial infections and diseases In Jamaica, medicine derived from reefs is worth > $54 million Living Museums Well-developed reefs are 1,000’s of years old Can estimate rates of climatic change or sea level rises Coral Reef Ecosystems

4. Primary Benefits Coral reefs are vital to fisheries Protected areas enhance fisheries Secondary Benefits Crevices provide a hiding place from predators Reef system provides a diversity of foods & habitats Fishes can grow larger Fish abundance and diversity increases Reefs Sustain Fisheries

5. Parrot Fish – Palakse` • Keep the system in balance by eating algae inside & on corals • Create bottom and beach sand • Adults lay nearly 100 X more eggs for every 1 inch they grow in length • “Gives us 99 more fish (to eat) for every extra inch we let them grow”

6. Reefs Have Cultural Value Mañagaha Island and its waters • Burial site of Carolinian Chief Aghurubw • Sacred ceremony of Fiirourow • The incineration of the personal affects of a loved-one who has passed-on • Medicinal plants for traditional healing • Afuk – a key ingredient for betel nut • Traditional fishing grounds for food

7. Active Use Activities Para sailing Banana boating Glass bottom boats Submersibles SCUBA diving Hookah, Snuba Fishing, harvesting, and beachcombing Passive Use Activities Laying on the beach Swimming, playing Kayaking, canoeing Snorkeling, coral viewing Paddle boats & sailing Family outings & BBQ’s Bird watching, photography “Quiet sanctuary” Reefs Attract Tourists

8. Protected Areas offer Aesthetic Quality • Must see places! • Must have pictures! Daily tours to Bird Island & Forbidden Island Overlooks generate $$$

9. Hiking, Mountain Biking, Outdoor Recreation Protected Areas offer Opportunity

10. $60 million in revenue from 500,000 tourists annually* Many tourists visit Protected Areas during their holiday in Saipan *source: MVA Protecting the Living Asset

11. What is a Conservation Area • Place that is uninhabited • Place where cultural and recreational activities are permitted • Place that has specific areas designated for these activities depending on their impact • Place where the resources and ecological functions of nature are protected from overuse by man • Places that serve as refuge or recruitment area

12. Protected AreasofSaipan

13. TheMañagaha Marine Conservation Area Protecting our Resources and Natural Assets

14. Conflicts & Concerns • Negative impacts of fishing • high fishing pressure • destructive fishing practices • abandoned nets / gear and scuba spear fishing • Negative impacts to cultural uses • Trampling and destruction of medicinal plants and herbs • Interruption of family and traditional activities • Loss of 'quiet sanctuary' • noise, on-lookers, photographers, and incompatible use activities.

15. Conflicts & Concerns • Negative impacts of tourism and enterprise use • Increased water use and wastewater discharges • Gift shops can create trash, food services can attract rats • Cats were introduced to control rats, but eat endangered shorebirds and disturb their nests and eggs • Negative impacts of marine sports activities • Vessel congestion can cause collisions with divers, boats and reef flats • Fuel, oil, trash and waste pollutes the water (jet ski fuel) • Anchoring damages corals

16. Marine Protected Areas Permit compatible cultural and recreational uses • Active Use Zones with dedicated commercial moorings • Passive Use Zones for safe swimming, snorkeling, and paddling activities • Restricted & Restoration Areas for propagation • User fees & permits - licenses for enterprise • Enforcement by federally funded Marine Conservation Section • Outreach: brochures, signs, educational kiosks

17. No Fishing Safe areas to grow & reproduce No Motorboats No anchoring on corals No water pollution from oil & gas No Harvesting No removal of corals, & marine life Fish grow bigger & have more young which makes more fish available outside the protected area Fosters more types of fish Corals grow bigger and more diverse in clean water Corals grow faster and are brighter if left undisturbed Tourist experience is “pristine” rather than polluted and disturbed Creates a reason to return to Saipan How is a Protected Area good for the Economy?

18. Fosters marine sports activities in the Saipan Lagoon Para sailing, SCUBA, hookah, banana boating, and snorkeling. Provides a protected anchorage for boats, reduces beach loss, and minimizes property damage from storms Provides food fishes to sell at markets and restaurants Medicinal plants and afuk supply traditional needs Family picnics and outings create social benefits Healthy coral reef systems are colorful, diverse and enhance the tourist’s experience Marine Conservation Areas are good for business….

19. Mañagaha Island, its protective coral reefs and clean waters, have served as a rich source of food fishes and medicinal plants. They also serve as a quiet sanctuary and a place for family to gather and conduct the sacred ceremony of fiirourow. Now, with society changing from subsistence ‘take’ to a cash-flow economy, we have come to a cross-road. A balance between the traditional way of doing things and the realities of the new millennium must be reached. Maintaining a rich fishing ground, healthy medicinal plants, a place for respecting ancestors, as well as welcoming the economic revenues from tourism must all co-exist.

20. But the co-existence of all parties that want to use the area can only change if residents, commercial enterprises, non-resident workers, and tourists alter their behavior. We believe that a marine conservation area can protect the natural resources while permitting vital cultural and recreational activities. By protecting our most valued natural assets, Mañagaha can sustain our community and the needs of generations to come. Please join us by supporting and participating in this important endeavor.

21. Thank You Thorne Abbott Division of Fish & Wildlife Lower Base, Saipan 664-6025 ThorneA@Coastalzone.com

22. Mañagaha Marine Conservation Area