THE CIVIL WAR

1. THE CIVIL WAR Unit 7

2. War breaks out

3. Lincoln’s Inauguration • March 4th, 1861 • 7 states have already seceded • Lincoln acknowledges the divide…“apprehension seems to exist among the southern states…physically speaking, we cannot separate…”

5. Fort Sumtner When: April 12, 1861-April 13, 1861 Where: Charleston Harbor, South Carolina Key Points: • Maj. Anderson requests reinforcements • Lincoln sends food not reinforcements…why? • South bombs the fort for 36 hours straight • Anderson surrenders Effects?

10. Preparing for war

11. Who has the overall advantage? North South

12. Battle Plans North South Fight a defensive war Secure recognition and support from Europe Negotiate an armistice Who’s got the better plan? • Naval blockade of Southern ports • Control the Mississippi River and split Confederacy in two • Capture Richmond, the Confederate Capital “The Anaconda Plan”

14. Division or Unification? …in the North… • Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, and Kentucky remain with the Union • Riots occur in many of these areas • Example: Baltimore riots of April 1861 • September 1861: Lincoln suspends right of Habeas Corpus • How will the divisions impact the North?

15. …in the South • April-May 1861: Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia join confederacy • Western counties of Virginia remain with the Union…form West Virginia in 1863 • How will this impact the South?

16. North: All men 20-45 $300 exempts you from the draft 92% of men volunteered Who’s got the advantage? South: All men 18-35 Exemptions for slaveholders with 20 slaves or more 80% of eligible men served Conscription

17. Leadership

19. Who has the overall advantage? North South

20. The Politics of War

21. Trent episode (1861) • Confederates send two diplomats to Britain to seek recognition and aid • Union captures the diplomats and Britain threatens to go to war • U.S. releases the diplomats back to the south • South does not receive recognition

22. British aid 1862-1864: • British build ships for the Confederacy • Sink 250 union ships Why did the British help the south?

23. The Emancipation ProclamationJanuary 1, 1863 Causes? Effects? Emancipates only those slaves in states still in rebellion, NOT IN THE BORDER STATES!!!

24. North: Increased demand for goods = increased industry = booming economy 1863: Fed gov’t issues income tax South: Slaves resisted work = shortage of money and supplies Lack of food = rising prices & riots Union blockade = No trade with Europe No system to collect taxes Economics of war

25. Who has the advantage? North South

26. The Battles

27. Keep a record of the following information:

28. 1st Battle of Bull Run (1st Battle of Manassas) (July 1861) • Pressure to engage South leads to Bull Run • Union outnumbers South, but “Stonewall” Jackson holds and South wins • Lincoln removes McDowell and appoints George McClellan commander What does this tell you about Lincoln? What does this tell you about the Confederacy?

32. Grant moves west • Feb 1862: Gen Ulysses S. Grant conquers forts along western rivers • Significance?

33. Lessons of Shiloh March 1862: • Grant’s army is brutally attacked at Shiloh, Mississippi • Grant responded with 100% invasion of troops Lessons?

34. April 1862: Admiral Farragut takes New Orleans and moves up Mississippi River • Significance?

35. Loss at Richmond • Spring 1862: McClellan moves onto Richmond • McClellan is too cautious, arrogant, and slow to commit • McClellan loses to Lee’s counter-attack in the Seven Days Battles • McClellan is removed Lessons?

37. 2nd Battle of Bull Run (2nd Battle of Manassas) (August 1862) • Gen. Pope replaces McClellan as commander of Army of the Potomac • Lee moves north toward Washington, DC • Gen. Pope engages Lee and is crushed. • Lee and Army of Northern Virginia move into MD, hoping to stir rebellion.

39. Antietam, September 17th, 1862 • McClellan returns to command • Lee swings north and crosses the Potomac • Lee’s battle plans are discovered • McClellan does not act on info for 18 hours! • Confederates move back into VA and McClellan stays put…no clear winner! • Bloodiest day in U.S. history!!....26,000+ dead • November 1862: Lincoln removes McClellan

43. Fredericksburg & ChancellorsvilleDec. 1862 May 1863 • Burnside replaces McClellan after Antietam • Burnside is defeated by Lee at Fredericksburg • Hooker replaces Burnside • Hooker is defeated by Lee at Chancellorsville • Hooker is replaced by Meade • Stonewall Jackson is shot, catches pneumonia, and dies on May 10th

45. Discussion Question: • What is the staus of the war as of June 1863?

46. Gettysburg • July 1, 2, 3 1863 • Why did Lee want to invade the North?

47. Battle of GettysburgJuly 1, 1863 • Confederate troops enter Gettysburg looking for supplies • Confederate troops come in contact with Union troops • Union forces hold the higher ground and wait for reinforcements • Over 90,000 union troops and 75,000 confederate troops arrive by Day 2

49. Battle of GettysburgJuly 2, 1863 • Lee orders Gen. Longstreet to try to capture Cemetery Ridge • Heavy fighting occurs in the Peach Orchard, Devil’s Den, and the Wheatfield • Rebel troops try to capture Little Round Top to position artillery on it • Col Chamberlain and men of Maine hold hill by attacking South bayonet charge • Lines hold = Union wins the day