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Understanding Solutions and Molarity: Key Concepts and Calculations

This guide introduces key concepts related to solutions, including solute and solvent definitions, as well as how to calculate molarity. Molarity, expressed in moles per liter (mol/L), is essential for understanding the concentration of solutions. Practical examples demonstrate how to find molarity from given mass and volume, as well as how to determine the number of moles or grams in a solution using basic formulas. Understanding these principles will enhance your knowledge of chemistry and solution dynamics.

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Understanding Solutions and Molarity: Key Concepts and Calculations

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  1. Solutions and Concentrations Notes Page 5

  2. SOLUTIONS A homogenous mixture of two or more substances

  3. 2 PARTS OF A SOLUTION • SOLUTE • A solute is the dissolved substance in a solution. Sugar in soda Carbon dioxide in soda Salt in salt water • SOLVENT • A solvent is the dissolving medium in a solution. • Water in salt water Waterin soda

  4. Molarity = concentration • Amount of substance (mol) • Volume of mixture (L) • Unit = mol/L or M • 1.0 M = 1 molar • 12.0 M = 12 molar

  5. solUTE over solVENT

  6. Example 1 • 1.5 mol of NaCl are dissolved in 1 L of water. What is the molarity of the solution? • 1.5 molNaCl= 1.5 mol/L or 1.5 M • 1 L H2O

  7. Example 2 • 100 g of NaCl are dissolved in 1 L of water. What is the molarity of the solution? • 100 g NaCl|1 molNaCl= 1.71 mol 58.44 g NaCl • 1.71 molNaCl= 1.71 M 1 L

  8. Example 3 • 100 g of NaCl are dissolved in 250 mL of water. What is the molarity of the solution? • 100 g NaCl |1 molNaCl= 1.71mol • 58.44 g NaCl • 250 mL / 103 mL = 0.25 L • 1.71 molNaCl= 6.84 M 0.25 L

  9. Example 4 • How many moles of NaCl are in 500 mL of a 0.25 M solution? • Basic formula: M = mol L • Convert: 500 mL = 0.5 L • 0.25 M = mol = 0.5 L x 0.25 M = mol 0.5 L = 0.125 molNaCl

  10. Example 5 • How many grams of NaClare in 500 mL of a 2.25 M solution? • Basic formula: M = mol L • Convert: 500 mL = 0.5 L • 2.25 M = mol = 0.5 L x 2.25 M = mol 0.5 L= 1.125 molNaCl • 1.125 molNaCl| 58.44 g NaCl= 65.75 g NaCl 1 mol

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