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Concentrations

Concentrations. Part Per Hundred. Represented by the percent (%) symbol 1 part per 100 parts 1 part in 10 2 A value of 1 × 10 -2 Equivalent to about 15 minutes in one day Prefix: centi Symbol: c. Part Per Thousand. 1 part per thousand should be spelled out in full and not as “ppt”

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Concentrations

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  1. Concentrations

  2. Part Per Hundred • Represented by the percent (%) symbol • 1 part per 100 parts • 1 part in 102 • A value of 1 × 10-2 • Equivalent to about 15 minutes in one day • Prefix: centi • Symbol: c

  3. Part Per Thousand • 1 part per thousand should be spelled out in full and not as “ppt” • Represented by the permille (‰) symbol. • 1 part per 1,000 parts • 1 part in 103 • A value of 1 × 10-3 • Equivalent to about 1 ½ minutes in a day • Prefix: milli • Symbol: m

  4. Part Per Million • 1 part per million (ppm) • 1 part per 1,000,000 parts • 1 part in 106 • A value of 1 × 10-6 • Equivalent to about 32 seconds out of a year • Prefix: micro • Symbol: 

  5. Part Per Million • A liter of water weighs 1,000 grams, and a milligram is 1/1,000th of a gram • Therefore, a milligram of a substance dissolved in a liter of water represents one millionth (1,000 divided by 1/1,000) of the weight, or one part per million (1 ppm) • One drop of water is 2 ppm of a bathtub full of water

  6. Part Per Billion • 1 part per billion (ppb) • 1 part per 1,000,000,000 parts • 1 part in 109 • A value of 1 × 10-9 • Equivalent to about 3 seconds out of a century • One drop of water is 1 ppb of a swimming pool full of water • Prefix: nano • Symbol: n

  7. Part Per Trillion • 1 part per trillion (ppt) • 1 part per 1,000,000,000,000 parts • 1 part in 1012 • A value of 1 × 10-12 • This is equivalent to about 3 seconds out of every hundred thousand years • Prefix: pico • Symbol: p

  8. Part Per Quadrillion • 1 part per quadrillion (ppq) • 1 part per 1,000,000,000,000,000 parts • 1 part in 1015 • A value of 1 × 10-15 • Equivalent to 2 ½ minutes out of the age of the Earth (4.5 billion years) • Prefix: femto • Symbol: f

  9. Practice Problems • How much is 6 ppm in ppb? • What concentration is 4,000 ppt in ppm? 6 1,000,000 1,000 1,000 6,000 1,000,000,000 x = = 6,000 ppb 4,000 1,000,000,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 0.004 1,000,000 ÷ = 0.004 ppm =

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