1 / 50

Did you Know?

Did you Know?. Normal Respiration is? We breath ________ many times per day? We breath nearly _______ gallons of air in 24 hours Adult lungs hold nearly _____ quarts of air Each breath is equal to about a ______. Respiratory System.

mura
Download Presentation

Did you Know?

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Did you Know? • Normal Respiration is? • We breath ________ many times per day? • We breath nearly _______ gallons of air in 24 hours • Adult lungs hold nearly _____ quarts of air • Each breath is equal to about a ______

  2. Respiratory System • Responsible for exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) • Breathing or Ventilation is the process in which this exchange happens • Respiratory system is divided into • Upper Respiratory Tract • Lower Respiratory Tract

  3. Upper Respiratory Tract • Air is drawn into the Nasal Cavity • Lined with mucous membranes and cilia • Air is filtered heated and moistened • Divided R and L side by the Nasal Septum

  4. Upper Respiratory Tract • Within our nose are receptors for the sense of smell: What cranial nerve relays this info? • Air moves from the nasal cavity into the pharynx • Nasopharynx • Oropharynx • Laryngopharynx

  5. Structures of the Pharynx • Nasopharynx: lymph tissue Adenoids • Oropharynx:lymph tissue Palatine Tonsils • Laryngopharynx: contains the Larynx and the epiglottiswhat is the role of the epiglottis?

  6. Upper Respiratory Tract • From the Pharynx air moves into the Trachea • How does the Trachea stay open?

  7. Lower Respiratory Tract • Trachea divides into two branches Bronchi • Both are composed of mucous membranes and cilia • What holds the Bronchi open?

  8. Lower Respiratory Tract • Bronchi divide into smaller and smaller branches eventually forming Bronchioles • At the end of the Bronchioles are tiny air sacks called alveoli

  9. Lower Respiratory Tract • Near to the Alveoli are the Pulmonary capillaries • It is here that CO2and O2 Diffuse back and forth

  10. Lower Respiratory Tract • Lungs are divided into lobes: 3 Lobes on the R and 2 Lobes on the L • Space between the lungs is Mediastinum what structures are found here?

  11. Lower Respiratory Tract • A serous membrane called the Pleura covers the lungs

  12. Lower Respiratory Tract • Ventilation depends on a pressure the action of the Diaphragm • Inspiration: Diaphragm contracts decreasing pressure within the chest and drawing air in • Expiration: Diaphragm relaxes reentering the thoracic cavity increasing the pressure within the chest as the pressure increases air leaves.

  13. Respiration • Pulmonary Ventilation:Is? • External Respiration: Is? • Transport of Respiratory Gases: Is? • Internal Respiration: Is?

  14. Upper and Lower function together • http://teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu/studentresources/AnatomyofBreathing3.swf

  15. Getting the Wind Knocked out of you • A kind of Diaphragm Spasm that occurs when sudden force is applied to the abdomen putting pressure on the solar plexus • Temporary paralysis of diaphragm • Making it difficult to breathe

  16. Study of the Lungs • Pulmonology: the medical specialty concerned with the respiratory system • Pulmonologist: The Physician who treats Disorders of the Respiratory system

  17. New Words • Nas/o, Rhin/o Epiglott/o • Sept/o Laryng/o • Adenoid/o Trache/o • Tonsill/o Bronchi/o, Bronch/o • Pharyng/o Bronchiol/o Alveol/o Pleur/o

  18. New Words • Pneum/o, Pneumon/o Phren/o • Pulmon/o • Lob/o • Ox/i, Ox/o • Thorac/o

  19. The best use of our lungs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWHpcKXt-qQ&feature=related

  20. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • COPD: chronic partial obstruction of the air passages • Symptoms? • 3 Major disorders • Asthma • Chronic Bronchitis • Emphysema

  21. Asthma • Produces a Bronchospasm this may be sudden and violent Paroxysmal and lead to dyspnea • What are the causes of Asthma? • What is the category of the main medications used?

  22. Chronic Bronchitis • Inflammation of the bronchi • Causes? • Symptoms? • The two types of medications used are Bronchodilators and Expectorants

  23. Emphysema • Decreased elasticity of the alveoli- they dilate but do not contract • Leading to barrel chest appearance • Easier to breath sitting upright Orthopnea

  24. Pleural Effusions • Any abnormal fluid in the pleural cavity • Auscultation and Percussion, CXR or MRI • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDhkerh6ZZk&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

  25. Pleural Effusions • Transudate: non-inflammatory fluid resembles serum • Left ventricular heart failure or liver disorders • Exudate: high in protein usually contains blood and immune cells • Tumors, infections, inflammation

  26. Types of Pleural Effusions • Hemothorax: pleural effusion caused by blood • Pneumothorax: air in the pleural space leading to a collapse of the lungs

  27. Atelectasis • Collapsed or airless state of the lung and affects all or part of the lung

  28. Thoracentesis • Surgical puncture of the chest using a hollow-bore needle: removes excess fluid or air • Can be diagnostic or therapeutic • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noDxydboLrA

  29. Tuberculosis (TB) • Bacterial infection in the lungs • Produces inflammatory nodules: Granulomas

  30. Pneumonia • Inflammatory disease caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi • Sx: Angina, mucopurulent sputum, Hemoptysis- spitting up blood

  31. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome • ARDS: The lungs no longer function effectively, threatening life • Caused by- trauma, sever pneumonia and other major infections • The alveoli become edematous then collapse • Mechanical ventilation is often required

  32. Apnea • Temporary loss of breathing • Obstructive, central, mixed • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjQdAf9cQBo

  33. Asphyxia • Condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen

  34. Croup • Common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages and sometimes lungs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vgOOuBKKu8&feature=related

  35. Pertussis • Acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a “whoop” sound, also called “whooping cough” • What is the vaccination for this? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3akJVesMdvs

  36. Epiglottitis • Severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottis structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years of age

  37. Pleurisy • Inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing

  38. Pulmonary Embolus • Blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter

  39. Abnormal Breath Sounds • Cheyne-Stokes Respirations:deep then shallow breathing patterns (damaged respiratory center of the brain) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrKfmfuP9l4 • Crackle: caused by air entering moisture filled alveoli • http://www.stethographics.com/main/physiology_ls_fine.html

  40. Abnormal Breath Sounds • Rhonchus: course, rattling noise similar to snoring (secretion in the larger airways) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeIA3eHHWlc&feature=related • Stridor: High pitched, harsh breath sounds (swelling of the larynx, upper airway obstruction) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Enq2BvX9aw&feature=fvwrel • Wheeze: Whistling of sighing sound (narrow lumen)

  41. Abnormal Breath Sounds • Wheeze: Whistling of sighing sound (narrow lumen)

  42. Hypoxemia • Deficiency of oxygen in the blood • Monitored with Oximetry: monitor hemoglobin(Hb) saturated with oxygen

  43. Hypoxia • Deficiency of oxygen in tissues

  44. Pulmonary Function Tests • Multiple tests used to evaluate the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rjN2_hDXEY

  45. Bronchoscopy • Visual examination of the bronchi using endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL6oW8OdkxU

  46. Laryngoscopy • Visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury

  47. Sputum culture • Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract

  48. Throat culture • Test used to identify pathogens, especially group Strep A

  49. Rhinoplasty • Reconstructive surgery of the nose to correct deformities or for cosmetic purposes

  50. Tracheostomy • Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea which a breathing tube may be inserted • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8irjJ4yMMg

More Related