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Explore the profound impact of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, from the transition of cottage industries to factories, powered by innovations like the spinning jenny and locomotives. Discover the contributing factors and the rapid progress in sectors such as textiles, coal, and iron that fueled this societal shift. Delve into the spread of industrialization and its consequences on society and the economy.
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Definitions • Industrial Revolution: Large increase in the amount of machine produced goods. • Enclosure: landowners fence off large tracts of land for their own use forcing farmers off. • Capital: money used for investing • Entrepreneurs: wealthy people looking to invest money and make profits. • Cottage industry: people working in their homes.
Contributing Factors to Industrialization in Britain • Increased supply of food. More people fed at lower prices. • Increase of population. • Ready supply of capital • Plentiful natural resources such as coal, iron, rivers, harbors • A free society that was not regulated. • A ready market in their empire
The Textile Industry • Textiles: cloth products produced through spinning and weaving • Was a cottage industry • Machines such as the spinning jenny and, flying shuttle, and water powered loom used water power to power machines.
Spinning Jenny • One person could do the work of 3000 people
Power Loom • Water or steam power allowed this machine to greatly increase cloth production.
Coal and Iron • Natural resources: useful materials found in nature. Not man made. • Britain had large amounts of coal and iron. • Iron used to make machines, steam engines, locomotives, and railroad tracks.
Railroads • Improvement over roads and canals. • Caused a “ripple effect” • Building created more jobs • Goods were cheaper • Created more sales • Created need for factories to increase production • Raw materials brought in by railroads and finished products shipped out by railroads. • More railroads were needed that created . . .
Factories • Early factories situated near water power. • Staffed by farm workers who migrated to cities to find work • Used child and women workers (less wages) • Harsh conditions.
