1917: The British ship Lusitania was sunk by a German submarine with 128 Americans on board.

10. Why did United States enter the war? Two reasons:1. The sinking of the Lusitania and other merchant ships by German submarines2. The Zimmerman Telegraph

11. 1917: The British ship Lusitania was sunk by a German submarine with 128 Americans on board.

12. TheZimmermanTelegramMexicodeclined the offer, butthe Britishdeciperedthe code.

19. Impact in Europe • The effects of World War I in Europe were devastating. • European nations lost almost an entire generation of young men. • France, where most of the fighting took place, was in ruins. • Great Britain was deeply in debt to the U.S. and lost its place as the world’s financial center. • The reparations forced on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles were crippling to its economy. • World War I would not be the “war to end all wars,” as some called it. • Too many issues were left unresolved. • Too much anger and hostility remained among nations. • Within a generation, conflict would again break out in Europe, bringing the United States and the world back into war.

20. The Great Depression

21. 1929-1939 • Stock market crash • Didn’t realize the effect it would have • No money to replenish what was borrowed Many found being broke humiliating.

22. The Roaring 20’s • The new concept of “credit” • People were buying: • Automobiles • Appliances • Clothes • Fun times reigned • Dancing • Flappers • Drinking

23. Why was this bad? • Credit system • People didn’t really have the money they were spending • WWI • The U.S. was a major credit loaner to other nations in need • Many of these nations could not pay us back

24. The Stock Market • People bought stocks on margins • If a stock is $100 you can pay $10 now and the rest later when the stock rose • Stocks fall • Now the person has less than $100 and no money to pay back

25. And then…. • With people panicking about their money investors tried to sell their stocks • This leads to a huge decline in stocks • Stocks were worthless now • People who bought on “margins” now could not pay • Investors were average people that were now broke

26. President Hoover • Herbert Hoover was president at the start • Philosophy: We’ll make it! • What He Did: Nothing • The poor were looking for help and no ideas on how to correct or help were coming

27. What about the people? • Farmers were already feeling the effects • Prices of crops went down • Many farms foreclosed • People could not afford luxuries • Factories shut down • Businesses went out • Banks could not pay out money • People could not pay their taxes • Schools shut down due to lack of funds • Many families became homeless and had to live in shanties

29. Many waited in unemployment lines hoping for a job.

30. People in cities would wait in line for bread to bring to their family.

31. Some families were forced to relocate because they had no money.

32. “Hooverville” • Some families were forced to live in shanty towns • A grouping of shacks and tents in vacant lots • They were referred to as “Hooverville” because of President Hoover’s lack of help during the depression.

33. Hooverville

34. Out of the Dust: The South and the Dust Bowl

35. A drought in the South lead to dust storms that destroyed crops. “The Dust Bowl”

36. The South Was Buried • Crops turned to dust = No food to be sent out • Homes buried • Fields blown away • South in state of emergency • Dust Bowl the #1 weather crisis of the 20th century

38. Two Families During the Depression

39. A Farm Foreclosure

40. *FDR* • When he was inaugurated unemployment had increased by 7 million. • Poor sections (like Harlem) had 50% of the pop. unemployed • Instated the “New Deal” (Focused on Relief, Recovery, and Reform)

41. People everywhere were effected by the depression. • It wasn’t till President Roosevelt took over and tried to put the economy back together that people even saw a glimmer of hope.