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The Elbow
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The Elbow Examination
Subjective Examination • Age • Occupation – repetitive job and sports • Site – usually localised • Spread – may spread to hand • Onset – overuse, trauma, insidious • Duration – recent, longstanding, intermittent • Behaviour – agg/ easing • Symptoms- locking, p+ns, swelling, stiffness • PMSH
Inspection • Deformity – carrying angle • Colour – sepsis • Swelling – bursitis, fracture, RA • Wasting – biceps, triceps, forearm muscles • State at rest • Site of pain
Palpation • Heat • Swelling • Synovial thickening
Passive Movements • Flexion • Extension • Pronation • Supination
Resisted tests • Flexion • Extension • Supination • Pronation • Wrist extension • Wrist flexion
Comparison • Bilateral flexion • Bilateral extension
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