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Ch.7 Sect.2:Three Processes of Memory

Ch.7 Sect.2:Three Processes of Memory. What you will learn in this section…. 3 processes of memory Encoding Storage Retrieval. Encoding. Translation of info into a form in which it can be stored Info goes into memory it is encoded 1 st stage of processing info

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Ch.7 Sect.2:Three Processes of Memory

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  1. Ch.7 Sect.2:Three Processes of Memory

  2. What you will learn in this section… • 3 processes of memory • Encoding • Storage • Retrieval

  3. Encoding • Translation of info into a form in which it can be stored • Info goes into memory it is encoded • 1st stage of processing info • 1st it is in physical form, then psychologically formatted

  4. OTTFFSSENT • 30 seconds to memorize

  5. Visual, Acoustic, Semantic Codes • Did you try to see them in mind as pic (visual)? • Read list to self and repeat several times? This way records letters as a sequence of sounds • Try to figure out what they mean? • Word sent was at the end • It represents info… • Could have tried to find words that began with each letter and make a sentence • Make a phrase • 1-10

  6. Storage • Second process of memory • Maintenance rehearsal— • More time spent=longer remembered • Elaborative Rehearsal— • Teachers use this

  7. Organizational Systems • Memories stored become organized and arranged • Memory is a vast storehouse of files and file cabinets • President example • As memory develops, files within files • Filing errors

  8. Retrieval • Consists of locating… • Some info is familiar and readily available • Retrieval,retreival

  9. Context-Dependent Memory • Context of a memory is the situation in which a person first had the experience being remembered • Memories are dependent on the place where a person… • Swimming club example • Witnesses

  10. State-Dependent Memory • Retrieve memories better when they are in the same emotional state they were in when they first stored the memories • Happiness • Gordon Bower • Same state of consciousness

  11. On the tip of the tongue • Memories can be difficult to retrieve • Sometimes we get really close to info but it is on… • We often try to retrieve memories by…

  12. Ch.7 Sect.3:Three Stages of Memory

  13. What you will learn in this section… • 3 stages of memory • Sensory Memory • Short-Term Memory • Long-Term Memory

  14. Sensory Memory • 1st stage, immediate, initial recording of info that enters our senses • Decays within a second • Icons— • Iconic memory like snapshots • Eidetic imagery— • Gone by adolescence • Echoic memory— • Easier to remember than visual

  15. Short-term Memory • Also called working memory • Used a great deal • Whenever you think about something • Examples • Fades rapidly after several seconds

  16. Remembering numbers • Primacy effect— • Recency effect— • Chunking— • George Miller found average person… • Businesses… • 10 digit phone number • Only a limited amount of info at a time can be retained in short term memory • Interference— • The Peterson Experiment

  17. Long Term Memory • Mechanical repetition • Relating info… • New info constantly being transferred into long term • It holds… • Still don’t know limit on how much we can store • Limited to… • Walter Penfield • Elizabeth Loftus • Memories are reconstructed…

  18. Schemas • Schemas— • Loftus and Palmer experiment

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