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Transformational Leadership. Chapter 9 Leadership: Theory and Practice Peter G. Northouse. Transformational Leadership: What is it?. A leadership style that changes and transforms people. Concerned with emotions, values, ethics, standards, and long-term goals.
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Transformational Leadership Chapter 9 Leadership: Theory and Practice Peter G. Northouse
Transformational Leadership: What is it? • A leadership style that changes and transforms people. • Concerned with emotions, values, ethics, standards, and long-term goals. • Transformational leaders must take into account their followers’ motives, satisfying their needs & treating them as full human beings.
What is it? Con’t. • Involves influence that moves followers to accomplish more then what is usually expected from them. • Often incorporates charismatic & visionary leadership. • While the transformational leader plays a pivotal role in motivating change, followers & leaders are inextricably bound together in the transformation process.
Transformational Leadership Factors • Factor 1 – Charisma or idealized influence. • Leaders who act as a strong role models for followers; followers identify with these leaders & want very much to emulate them. • Leaders tend to have very high standards of moral & ethical conduct. • These leaders are deeply respected and trusted by their followers. • Leaders provide their followers with a vision & a sense of mission.
Transformational Leadership Factors • Factor 2 – Inspirational Motivation • Leaders tend to communicate high expectations to followers, while inspiring them through motivation to become committed to and a part of the shared vision of the organization. • Leaders use symbols & emotional appeals to focus group members’ efforts to achieve more for the group or organization.
Transformational Leadership Factors • Factor 3 - Intellectual Stimulation • Leader stimulates followers to be creative & innovative & to challenge their own beliefs & values as well as those of the leader & the organization. • Leader supports followers as they try new approaches & develop innovative ways of dealing with organizational issues.
Transformational Leadership Factors • Factor 4 – Individualized Consideration • Leaders provide a supportive climate in which they listen carefully to the individual needs of followers. • Leaders tend to act as coaches and advisors while trying to assist followers in becoming fully actualized.
How does Transformational Leadership Work? • Leaders set out to empower followers & nurture them in change. • Leaders create a culture in which employees feel empowered & encouraged to freely discuss & try new things. • In order to create change, these leaders become strong role models for their followers. • Leaders listen to their followers and are tolerant of opposing viewpoints.
How does Transformational Leadership Work? • Transformational leaders create a vision that emerges from the collective interests of various individuals & units in an organization. • This vision gives their followers a sense of identity within the organization & a sense of self-efficacy. • These leaders are social architects that make clear the emerging values & norms of the organization.
How does Transformational Leadership Work? • Leaders make sure that their followers know their roles & understand how they contribute to the greater purposes of the organization. • Transformational leaders are effective at working with people. • Transformational leadership results in people feeling better about themselves & their contributions to the greater good.
Strengths • Widely researched from many different perspectives. • Intuitive appeal. • Treats leadership as a process that occurs between followers & leaders. • Provides a broader view of leadership that augments other leadership models.
Strengths • Places a strong emphasis on followers’ needs, values, & morals. • Substantial evidence that transformational leadership is an effective form of leadership.
Criticisms • Lacks conceptual clarity. • How transformational leadership is measured. • Treats leadership as a personality trait or personal predisposition rather than a behavior in which people can be instructed. • Elitist & antidemocratic. • Suffers from a “heroic leadership” bias. • Has the potential to be abused.
