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Nervous System

Nervous System. Rodrigo Castillo Andrea Chichizola Mauricia Piaggio. Is a network of neurons. It transmits messages to different parts of the body. It is the center of all mental activity including thought, learning, and memory It is responsible for regulating and maintaining homeostasis.

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Nervous System

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  1. Nervous System Rodrigo Castillo Andrea Chichizola Mauricia Piaggio

  2. Is a network of neurons. • It transmits messages to different parts of the body. • It is the center of all mental activity including thought, learning, and memory • It is responsible for regulating and maintaining homeostasis.

  3. It consists of two parts: • The Central NervousSystem • ThePeripheralNervousSystem

  4. THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM • It is made of the brain and the spinal cord.

  5. THE BRAIN • The brain is the body’s main processing center. • It enables us to learn and process information. • It has 3 parts: cerebrum, cerebellum and the brain stem.

  6. THE SPINAL CORD • The Spinal cord is a cable of nervous tissue • It runs through the vertebral column. • The brain send commands through it. It functions in reflexes.

  7. THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM • This system contains the sensorary neurons and the motor neurons. • The sensorary neurons send information from sense organs to the CNS. • The motor neurons send commands from the CNS to the rest of the body.

  8. Communication Between Neurons • The neurons transfer signals through a synapse to cells. • One neuron and one cell are in charge of transmitting and receiving information. • A nerve impulse triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.

  9. Release of Neurotransmitter • A presynaptic neuron releases a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. • Vesicles containing the neurotransmitter fuse with the cell membrane. • Later they are released into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis and interact with the postsynaptic cell.

  10. Neurotransmitters bind to receptor proteins which may cause the opening of ion channels. • A neurotransmitter may excite or inhibit the activity of the postsynaptic cell it binds to. • At the end of this process some neurotransmitters are released, reabsorbed or broken down.

  11. Receptor Protein • The glycine receptor (GlyR) is the receptor for the amino acid neurotransmitter glycine. • It is an inhibitory receptor located in the central nervous system. • The most important role is to mediate the inhibitory neutransmission in psychological processes. • The receptor can be activated by a range of simple amino acids including glycine, β-alanineandtaurine, and can be selectively blocked by strychnine and caffeine.

  12. The receptor protein is made of five subunits: three alpha subunits and two beta subunits. Therefore it’s a quaternary structure. • They have ligandswhich trigger signals that affect cell development and function. • When a glycine attaches to a glycine receptor this opens to let the negatively charged ions to enter the cells. • This causes the cell to stop transmitting signals to other cells.

  13. α1 Amino AcidsSequence: • DNA: TAC-CAA-CAG-ACA-CGC-TGG-AGT-TTA • RNA: AUG-GUU-GUC-UGU-GCG-ACC-UCA-AAU • AA: Met-Val-Val-Cys-Ala-Thr-Ser-Ile β Amino AcidsSequence • DNA:TAC-GAG-CCT-CCA-CGA-TCT-CGC-CCG • RNA: AUG-CUC-GGA-GGU-GCU-AGA-GCG-GGC • AA: Met-Leu-Gly-Gly-Ala-Arg-Ala-Gly

  14. α1 NucleotideSequence : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_000171 • βNucleotideSequence: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/U33267?

  15. Glycine • It is an organic compound. • It is the smallest of the 20 amino acids. • Its codons are GGU, GGC, GGA, and GGG.

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