Tuesday Oct 15, 2013

1. Tuesday Oct 15, 2013 Agenda Check at-home project Quiz on verb conjugation + Present Perfect Begin the PowerPoint for the lab

2. Present Perfect Tense The Present Perfect Tense is used when an action that happened in the past continues to have a strong connection in the present. The best way to understand it is to look at some examples. Note the short explanation that follows each example: I have lost my dictionary. (I don’t have my dictionary now; can you help me find it?) Mary has fixed my computer. (My computer is working now and I’m happy about it!) You haven’t eaten very much. (Don’t you feel well? Don’t you like it?) I haven’t read his letter. (I haven’t had time yet. What does he say?) Haveyou seen my calculator? (I want to use it now!) Hasshe had an accident? (Someone said she’s in hospital!) Haveyou done your homework? (It is due today!)

3. Present Perfect Tense II With words of unfinished time The Present Perfect Tense is used with words or expressions of unfinished time. Unfinished time started in the past and continues into the present. Below are some sentences in the Present Perfect. The expressions of unfinished time are shown in bold. • I’ve played tennis three times already this week and it’s only Thursday! • She’s been back to Korea twice already this year, and she’s going again next week! • Sorry, I’ve seen that film already. I don’t want to see it again. • I’ve lived in Germany since1986. • She’s had a lot of bad luck recently. • I haven’t seen my mother for two months. • No, you can’t use the bathroom. You haven’t finished the exercise yet. • She hasn’t called me lately. Do you think she’s sick? • Have you ever seen a ghost? • Has he lived here all his life? • Has the postman been yet?

4. Present Perfect Tense III ** Be careful: sometimes an expression of unfinished time can be used with the Simple Past Tense. Look at the following examples and explanations: • I drank three cups of coffee this morning. >The speaker is talking in the evening, so for him this morning is finished time. • I didn’t see John today. > The student is talking after school when there is no more possibility of seeing John on this day. Today becomes an expression of finished time • This year was a very good year for me! > This is possible if the speaker is talking very near the end of the year, and so in her opinion the year is finished. Therefore, she uses the Simple Past was. Practice: • http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/single/pastperf1.htm • http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/single/pastperf2.htm • http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/single/pastperf3.htm • http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/single/pastperf3.htm

5. At-home Project • Complete the exercises that you did not complete in the lab. • Study verb conjugation and Present Perfect Tense for the Review on Tuesday Oct 15, 2013.

6. Topic sentence = Topic + Controlling Idea Before writing any essay or even a paragraph, it is important to think, first about the topic and then what you want to say about the topic. Most often, the topic is easy, but the question then turns to what you want to say about the topic which is the controlling idea. Topic sentences should always contain both: i. a topic and ii. a controlling idea Read the following topic sentences. They all contain a topic (in italics) and a controlling idea (in underlined). When your introduction contains a clearly stated topic sentence such as one of the following, your reader will know what to expect and, therefore, understand your ideas better.

7. Topic + Controlling Examples I 1. People can avoid burglaries by taking certain precautions. (The precautions for…) 2. There are several advantages to growing up in a small town. (The advantages of…) 3. Most US universities require a 550 point TOEFL score for a number of reasons. (The reasons for…) 4. Air pollution in Mexico City is the worst in the world for a number of reasons. (The causes of…) or (The effects of…) 5. Fixing a flat tire on a bicycle is easy if you follow these steps. (The steps for…)

8. Topic + Controlling Examples II 6. There are several enjoyable ways to travel between the US and Queretaro. (The ways to…) or (The methods of…) 7. Animals in danger of becoming extinct come from a wide range of countries. (The different countries… [parts, kinds, types]) 8. Effective leadership requires specific qualities that anyone can develop. (The qualities (or characteristics or traits) of…) 9. Industrial waste poured into Lake Michigan has led to dramatic changes in its ability to support marine life. (The effects of…) 10. In order tofully explore the wreck of the Titanic, scientists must address several problems. (The difficulties of…) or (The obstacles to…)

9. Practice Summary A carefully thought out topic sentence will serve two important functions. First, it will provide you, the author, the means to stay focused on your objective. It’s a lot easier to write if you know what you are going to write about! Second, a clearly stated topic sentence will provide reader with the tools they need to clearly understand what you have to say. These are important reasons to carefully consider the topic sentence before beginning to write. Now complete the Quiz at the website below: http://eslbee.com/cgi-bin/quiztest.cgi?specifictopics

10. Quiz for Tuesday Oct 15, 2013 Part I For the following 5 sentences in the Affirmative Simple Present, you need to write the Negative + Interrogative (N + I) for each. Then change the sentences to Simple Past, then Simple Future with willor be going to then Present Progressive and complete the ANI for each tense. Use your own notepaper. Note: You may need to change the sentences for different tenses • Ben plays tennis. • The train leaves the station at 8:00 AM. • She always forgets her purse. • The Earth circles the Sun. • We speak English in class.

11. Quiz for Tuesday Oct 15, 2013 Part II Put the verbs into the correct form (Present Perfect Tense). Use a piece of your own notepaper. 1. I (not / work) today. 2. We (buy) a new lamp. 3. We (not / plan) our holiday yet. 4. Where (be / you) ? 5. He (write) five letters. 6. She (not / see) him for a long time. 7. (be / you) at school? 8. School (not / start) yet. 9. (speak / he) to his boss? 10. No, he (have / not) the time yet.

12. Rules for Using the Apostrophe The Apostrophe has two functions. One is to show possession/ownership and the other is to show omission of letters or words. • An Apostrophe shows ownership e.g. John’s new shoes are red. a. These are the student’s books. (Several books belonging to 1 student) b. i. These are the students’ books.(books belonging to a group of students) b. ii. My three friends’ shirts are blue. (More than 1 friend) b. iii. The lion’s den (more than 1 lion) Carlos’ books (instead of Carlos’s books) – sometimes a name ending in ‘s’ is given an apostrophe as shown in the name Carlos. Typically, both are correct. c. Add an apostrophe to the end of plural nouns that end in ‘s’ i. Boys’ hats ii. Players’ uniforms • An Apostrophe is used in contractions when a word or letter is omitted: a. Don’t go outside! (Do not) I’ll finish my homework later. (I will = I’ll)

13. Apostrophe Use Practice Put in the appropriate apostrophes. • I cant go with you to Colins house. • Lets go to the Bears game on the weekend. • I don’t think my dads hat will fit me. • The girls bathing suits need to be put in the dryer. (several girls) • Im going to head down the Clarks department store later. • Wheres the book I was reading. • I put the dogs bones in the lower cupboard. (2 dogs) • I put the dogs bones in the lower cupboard. (1 dog) • Im going to my friends house to work on homework. • Jans clothes are always in style. • Buy your notebooks here and youll save money. • The cats whiskers are covered in milk.

14. Apostrophe Use Practice II Put in the appropriate Apostrophes • Dont write in Guss diary. • The bird ruffled its feathers while perched on the tree. • I have six months work to do before my holidays. • Texass weather has been strange as of late. • Mrs. Joness daughter will be coming over. • The three princesses crowns are shiny. • Janes and Joes yo-yos are fun to play with. • The kangaroo carried its baby in its pouch. • Somebodys child will be upset that swimming is cancelled. • The childrens toys need to be put away. • The next house is Karens house. • The monkey licked its lips after eating the banana.

15. Supporting Details Open the website below and check which are the topic sentences or supporting details. http://www.mytestbook.com/worksheet.aspx?topics=Reading%20Topic%20Sentences%20Supporting%20Details&subject=LanguageArts&grade=3&test_id=617

16. Paragraph Order Put each sentence in correct order for a paragraph. Paragraph 1 1. Next, add antifreeze to your windshield washer fluid; otherwise, the fluid will freeze and possibly break the container. 2. First, put on snow tires if you plan to drive on snowy, icy roads very often. 3. Driving in winter, especially on snowy, icy roads, can be less troublesome if you take a few simple precautions. 4. Finally, it is also a good idea to carry tire chains, a can of spray to unfreeze door locks, and a windshield scraper in your car when driving in winter weather. 5. Second, check the amount of antifreeze in your radiator and add more if necessary.

17. Paragraph Order II Put each sentence in correct order for a paragraph. Paragraph 2 1. A breakthrough in one of these areas will hopefully provide a means of relieving both the overstretched oil market and the environment. 2. Researchers in the automobile industry are experimenting with different types of engines and fuels as alternatives to the conventional gasoline engines. 3. One new type of engine, which burns diesel oil instead of gasoline, has been available for several years. 4. Finally, several automobile manufacturers are experimenting with methanol, which is a mixture of gasoline and methyl-alcohol, as an automobile fuel. 5. A further is the gas turbine engine, which can use fuels made from gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene and other petroleum distillates. 6. The increasing depletion of oil reserves, along with environmental concerns, have prompted some radical developments in car design over the past few years.

18. Paragraph Order III Put each sentence in correct order for a paragraph. Paragraph 3 1. Later on, people began to write on pieces of leather, which were rolled into scrolls. 2. In the earliest times, people carved or painted messages on rock.s 3. In the Middle Ages, heavy paper called parchment was used for writing and books were laboriously copied by hand. 4. With the invention of the printing press in the middle of the fifteenth century, the modern printing industry was born. 5. Some form of written communication has been used throughout the centuries.

19. Paragraph Order IV Write a good topic sentences to begin each of the following paragraphs. Remember to include both a topic sentence and a controlling idea. 1. Americans relaxing at home, for example, may put on kimonos, which is a Japanese word. Americans who live in a warm climate may take an afternoon siesta on an outdoor patio without even realizing that these are Spanish words. In their gardens, they may enjoy the fragrance of jasmine flowers, a word that came into English from Persia. They may even relax on a chaise longue, while sipping a drink made with vodka, words of French and Russian origin, respectively.

20. Paragraph Order V Write a good topic sentences to begin each of the following paragraphs. Remember to include both a topic sentence and a controlling idea. 2. In European universities, students are not required to attend classes. In fact, professors in Germany generally do not know the names of the students enrolled in their courses. In the United States, however, students are required to attend all classes and may be penalized if they do not. Furthermore, in the European system, there is usually just one comprehensive examination at the end of the student’s entire four or five years of study. In the American system, on the other hand, there are usually numerous quizzes, texts and homework assignments, and there is almost always a final examination in each at the end of the semester.

21. Paragraph Order VI Write a good topic sentences to begin each of the following paragraphs. Remember to include both a topic sentence and a controlling idea. 3. For example, the Eskimos, living in a treeless region of snow and ice, sometimes build temporary homes out of thick blocks of ice. People who live in deserts, on the other hand, use the most available material, mud or clay, which provides good insulation from the heat. In Northern Europe, Russia and other areas of the world forests are plentiful, people usually construct their homes out of wood. In the islands of the South Pacific, where there is a plentiful supply of bamboo and palm, people use these tough, fibrous plants to build their home.

22. Writing Topic Sentences Exercise 3 Now write two or three topic sentences for each of the following topics. You should choose two or three different controlling ideas for the same topic. Example: Topic: Television’s effects on children Topic sentences: i. Television is harmful to children because it teaches them violence as a way of solving problems. ii. Television can improve a child’s general knowledge. 1. Smoking cigarettes 2. Foreign travel 3. Space exploration 4. Rock music or rock musicians 5. Studying a foreign language

23. At-home Project • Complete the Topic Sentences on slide 22. • Study apostrophe’s and topic sentences and identifying supporting details for the quiz on Tuesday Oct 22, 2013.