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First Political Parties

First Political Parties. Chapter 8, Section 3. We will learn…. How political parties got started and what positions they supported How John Adams and Thomas Jefferson became candidates of opposing parties in the election of 1796. Washington's Farewell.

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First Political Parties

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  1. First Political Parties Chapter 8, Section 3

  2. We will learn… • How political parties got started and what positions they supported • How John Adams and Thomas Jefferson became candidates of opposing parties in the election of 1796

  3. Washington's Farewell • Washington warned against permanent alliances with foreign nations • This will be U.S. policy until almost 1900 • He also described the “evils” of political parties and warned that they would divide the nation

  4. Political Parties Modern Political PartiesToday’s Democratic Party traces its roots to Jefferson’s Democratic-Republicans. The modern Republican Party, however, was not founded until 1854.

  5. Study Guide recap: • Precedents – examples or traditions to be followed • Neutrality – not choosing sides • Impressment – British practice of kidnapping American sailors • National debt – amount a nation’s government owes

  6. Study Guide recap: • Bill of Rights – first 10 Amendments added to the Constitution • Anthony Wayne – General that defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers • John Adams – first vice president • Aaron Burr – Jefferson’s running mate in 1796 • Little Turtle – chief of the Miami people

  7. Study Guide recap: • Judiciary Act of 1789 – allowed Congress to establish a federal court system • Edmond Randolph – first attorney general • Alexander Hamilton – first Secretary of the Treasury (responsible for the finances) • Edmond Genet – French diplomat who tried to recruit Americans to fight against the British

  8. Study Guide recap: Question #2 • Federalist – Alexander Hamilton - rule by the wealthy class, strong federal government, British alliance, national bank, loose interpretation of the Constitution • Democratic-Republicans – Thomas Jefferson - rule by the people, stronger state governments, French alliance, state banks (no national bank), strict interpretation of the Constitution

  9. Origins of Party Federalists • Originally described someone who supported the constitution • Applied to people who supported the policies of Washington’s administration

  10. Origins of Party Democratic-Republicans • Newspaper National Gazette started by Philip Freneau helped turn public opinion against Federalists • Help from Thomas Jefferson • Jefferson and Madison organized people who disagreed with Hamilton

  11. Basic Differences Federalists • Stood for strong central government • Supported Britain • Favored shipping (exporting) interests • Favored a National Bank • Favored protective tariffs • More support in the north

  12. Basic Differences Democratic-Republicans • Wanted to limit government power • Emphasis on agriculture • Wanted to ally with France • Favored state banks • Favored free trade • Favored strong state governments • More support in the south

  13. Leaders Federalists • Alexander Hamilton • George Washington • John Adams Democratic-Republicans • Thomas Jefferson • James Madison

  14. View of the Constitution Federalists • Loose interpretation of the Constitution • Thought the government had “implied” powers

  15. View of the Constitution Democratic-Republicans • Strict interpretation of the Constitution • Also thought government had “implied” powers but only to be used when absolutely necessary

  16. People’s Role Federalists • Supported representative government – elected officials ruled for the people • Didn’t want public to be involved in politics • Public office should only be held by educated, honest men who could protect people’s rights

  17. People’s Role Democratic Republicans • Feared strong central government controlled by a few • Thought liberty was safe only when ordinary people participated in government

  18. DO NOW: 3-2-1 Political Parties Emerge (use pages 267 – 269 to help you) • 3 reasons why two distinct political parties were created • 2 opposing view points on each side • 1 leader for each side

  19. Election of 1796 Federalists • Nominated vice-president John Adams for president and Charles Pickney for vice-president • Expected to carry New England • Adams won the presidency

  20. Election of 1796 Democratic-Republicans • Nominated Thomas Jefferson for president • Strength was in the south • Won vice-president (electoral college elected president and vice-president separately) Country now had a Federalist president and Republican vice-president

  21. DO NOW: Use the map to answer the questions • Who are the candidates in the election? • Which states split their electoral vote? • What are the three new states that were not part of the first election? • Why would the coastal areas of MD, VA, and NC support the Federalists?

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