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1. Political Parties “Linkage Institution”
3. Goal of a Political Party? WIN ELECTIONS
4. Function of Parties Connecting citizens to government (linkage institution)
-Political Efficacy – citizen participation level and awareness of government decisions
Run candidates for political office
Inform the public – help voters decide who to vote for in elections
Organizing government – coordinate government policy-making
5. Why 2 parties? Winner-take-all system
Winner receives a seat while loser receives nothing
3rd party usually joins one of other parties
Opposite – Proportional Representation – % of votes is directly applied as the % of representatives
6. “Grass Roots” “Grass Roots” – parties can also reach the voters personally and “get-out-the-vote” on a local level
7. Minor Parties Third Parties have played a role in politics
Types
Individual personality – those dominated by one figure head (Ex. – 1912 Theodore Roosevelt – Bull-Moose, 1968 George Wallace – American Independent Party)
Long-lasting goal or ideology – (Ex. – Abolitionists, Prohibitionists, Socialists)
8. Party Identification Dealignment – weak membership, more “independents” or moderates – popular trend in the last 50 years
Strait ticket voting – strong party membership, support all candidates for one party
Ticket splitting – voting for candidates from multiple parties
9. Realignment? “Gridlock” – Congress and Presidency controlled by different parties
2004 - Republican sweep of Congress and Presidency - party loyalty stronger?
2006 - split the Presidency and Congress again
2008 - might bring a Democratic sweep