PRISM: EU Network on Human Factors in the Process Industries

1. PRISM: EU Network on Human Factors in the Process Industries

2. PRISM (Process Industries Safety Management) • Network of • over 60 organisations • from 14 countries • Funded by the European Union ‘Framework Programme for Research and Development’ • Supported by CEFIC • Co-ordinated by EPSC

3. What Is Human Factors? Work Practices - Task and job design - Context of use - Organisational structures -Policies and procedures User differences - Age - Eyesight - Body size and shape Special needs Environment • Context • Normal • Emergency • Noise, Heat, Light Software design - Allocation of function - Functional specification - User interface design - User help CARRY OUT TASK MAKE DECISIONS MONITOR LOCATE AND PROCESS INFORMATION Evaluation - User requirements - Rapid prototyping - Standards/legislation Hardware design - Workstation design - Input/output devices - Workplace layout • Health & Safety • Repetitive Strain Injury • Work Related Upper Limb Disorders Training - Skills required - Experience - Motivation -Training needs 4

4. why human factors? Technology Number of Accidents Procedures Human Factors Time

5. Estimated number of “human errors” 100 The diagram shows the attribution of “human errors” as causes, which may be different from the contribution of “human errors” to incidents / accidents. 90 80 70 60 % Human action attributed as cause 50 40 30 20 10 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

6. Incidents are caused by our behaviour We react with technical solutions !

7. Action Plan for PRISM • Facilitate exchange of knowledge and information • Generate knowledge to meet industry needs • Establish options available to facilitate information sharing between companies • Facilitate knowledge transfer from experts

8. PRISM Focus Groups Culture and Organisation Optimising Human Performance High Demand Situations Engineering Design

10. Cultural and Organisational Factors 2.Optimising human performance 3.Human factors in high demand situations 4.Human factors as a part of the engineering design process

11. Organisational & cultural factors Team Working Behaviour based safety FG1 Topics

12. Programme ownership Definition of safe and unsafe behaviours Establishment of a baseline Training Observation Feedback Reinforcement Goal-setting Review Behavioural safety: key principles

13. Dissatisified with status quo Visible leadership and commitment Process to owned by employees Long term not a quick fix Integration not substitution or add on Conditions

14. Pitfalls • Blame culture • Just another initiative • “Do as I say not as I do”! • Leave it all to the Safety Dept • Resources

15. 3 TRIR Employees + Contractors TRIR Employees 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1999 2000 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 ExxonMobil Safety Excellence Process Results example Start SEP

16. Handle Bolts A cautionary tale

17. Cultural and Organisational Factors 2.Optimising human performance 3.Human factors in high demand situations 4.Human factors as a part of the engineering design process

18. FG2 Topics Procedures Training Task Design Man machine and human computer interface

19. My procedure will ensure the task is performed correctly Procedures I know how to do this task, I don’t need a procedure Do we need a procedure for each task?

20. Decision Aid No Written Instruction required: NWI Job Aid required e.g checklist/memory aid: JA Step By Step instruction required: SBS

21. Cultural and Organisational Factors 2.Optimising human performance 3.Human factors in high demand situations 4.Human factors as a part of the engineering design process

22. PRISM FG3 High Demand Situations • cognitive overload • emergency response • control room layout • abnormal situation management • use of virtual reality

23. Why alarm handling? A wide issue about assuring the human response to an alarm Operators routinely ignore alarm in the plant control room Operators facing as few as 10 alarms a minute in an emergency will quickly abandon the alarm list to reduce stress. They will find a way to solve the problem without using the alarms.

24. How to face this problem? Implementation of an alarm philosophy Notify operators of events required more focused attention Help to prioritise response Guide operator towards most appropriate response

25. Benefits • Easier to interpret alarms for operators • Better control of processes • Help avoid accidents “A typical plant can save approximately $3 500 000 per year by providing good control during plant incidents and transition events such as start-ups, feed changes, etc.”

26. Cultural and Organisational Factors 2.Optimising human performance 3.Human factors in high demand situations 4.Human factors as a part of the engineering design process

27. “We cannot change the Human Condition but we can change the conditions in which humans work.” James Reason

28. How to incorporate HF in the design process? To take human factors into account as part of the process engineering design process requires the design of: • Equipment, • Operations, • Procedures, • Work environments. such that they are compatible with the capabilities, limitations and needs of the workers

29. Design solution to address the error causes Automation Maintainability and Operability Designing to reduce Human Error Precursors Process Control and Monitoring Process Operationsand Layout Work Environment

30. PRISM • Deliverables • Survey of needs of SME’s • Application guides • Training tools • Seminars in different European Countries • Internet seminars • Networking and sharing of experience

31. www.prism-network.org

33. Action Plan for Industry • Develop an understanding of the basic subject matter of human factors (HF) • Develop an understanding of current HF issues in pertinent industry sectors • Develop an understanding of current arrangements used to identify & control SHE hazards in your workplace • From the basis of the existing systems already in place identify how HF can be incorporated

34. 11th International SymposiumLoss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process IndustriesLoss Prevention 200431 May - 3 June 2004 * Prague * Czech Republic