Session 6: Pre- and Post-modification using Relative Clauses

1. Session 6: Pre- and Post-modification using Relative Clauses Aalto University Language Centre

2. 4 3 1 2 Visually identified precipitation type 4 1 2 3 Typeof precipitation that will be identified visually

3. Exercise 6-1:

4. Exercise 6-1: • Those of you who stayed on the job today will get a special bonus for your loyalty to the company. • The whole factory went on an illegal strike today, and you must all face the consequences. b. • ____ All the employees, who failed to come to work today, will be fired. • ____ All the employees who failed to come to work today will be fired. • ____ All the employees failing to come to work today will be fired. (who failed to come to work today) a. a.

5. Exercise 6-1: • All of the servers crashed, so we will need to replace all of them. • Only a couple of servers actually went down, so we will not need to replace too many. d. • ____ The university servers which crashed on Saturday evening will be replaced with newer models. • ____ The university servers, which crashed on Saturday evening,will be replaced with newer models. • ____ The university servers that crashed on Saturday evening will be replaced with newer models. • ____ The university servers, that crashed on Saturday evening,will be replaced with newer models. • ____ The university servers crashing on Saturday evening will be replaced with newer models c. (which crashed on Saturday evening) d. d.

8. Exercise 6-2: • Engineerswho design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft and missiles, as well as supervise the manufacture of these products are known as aerospace engineers. • Computer software engineers who are also referred to as software developers or software programmers are the individuals responsible for designing and programming large-scale computer systems and applications. • One important emerging area in Mechanical engineering is nanotechnology which integrates atoms and molecules to create high-performance materials and components. • Electronics is a branch of electrical engineering which deals with devices which use electricity for control of processes. • Gravitational forces are simply an attraction that occurs between any two physical objects. • Engineerswho design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft and missiles, as well as supervise the manufacture of these products are known as aerospace engineers. • Computer software engineers,who are also referred to as software developers or software programmers, are the individuals responsible for designing and programming large-scale computer systems and applications. • One important emerging area in Mechanical engineering is nanotechnology which integrates atoms and molecules to create high-performance materials and components. • Electronics is a branch of electrical engineering which deals with devices which use electricity for control of processes. • Gravitational forces are simply an attraction that occurs between any two physical objects. • Engineerswho design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft and missiles, as well as supervise the manufacture of these products are known as aerospace engineers. • Computer software engineers,who are also referred to as software developers or software programmers, are the individuals responsible for designing and programming large-scale computer systems and applications. • One important emerging area in Mechanical engineering is nanotechnology, which integrates atoms and molecules to create high-performance materials and components. • Electronics is a branch of electrical engineering which deals with devices that use electricity for control of processes. • Gravitational forces are simply an attraction that occurs between any two physical objects. • Engineerswho design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft and missiles, as well as supervise the manufacture of these products are known as aerospace engineers. • Computer software engineers,who are also referred to as software developers or software programmers, are the individuals responsible for designing and programming large-scale computer systems and applications. • One important emerging area in Mechanical engineering is nanotechnology, which integrates atoms and molecules to create high-performance materials and components. • Electronics is a branchof electrical engineering which deals with devices thatuse electricity for control of processes. • Gravitational forces are simply an attraction that occurs between any two physical objects. • Engineers who design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft and missiles, as well as supervise the manufacture of these products are known as aerospace engineers. • Computer software engineers who are also referred to as software developers or software programmers are the individuals responsible for designing and programming large-scale computer systems and applications. • One important emerging area in Mechanical engineering is nanotechnology which integrates atoms and molecules to create high-performance materials and components. • Electronics is a branch of electrical engineering which deals with devices which use electricity for control of processes. • Gravitational forces are simply an attraction that occurs between any two physical objects. • Engineerswho design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft and missiles, as well as supervise the manufacture of these products are known as aerospace engineers. • Computer software engineers,who are also referred to as software developers or software programmers, are the individuals responsible for designing and programming large-scale computer systems and applications. • One important emerging area in Mechanical engineering is nanotechnology, which integrates atoms and molecules to create high-performance materials and components. • Electronics is a branchof electrical engineering which deals with devices using electricity for control of processes. • Gravitational forces are simply an attraction that occurs between any two physical objects. • Engineerswho design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft and missiles, as well as supervise the manufacture of these products are known as aerospace engineers. • Computer software engineers,whoare also referred to as software developers or software programmers, are the individuals responsible for designing and programming large-scale computer systems and applications. • One important emerging area in Mechanical engineering is nanotechnology, which integrates atoms and molecules to create high-performance materials and components. • Electronics is a branchof electrical engineeringwhich deals with devices usingelectricity for control of processes. • Gravitational forces are simply an attractionthat occurs between any two physical objects.

9. Exercise 6-2: • Comet Shoemaker-Levy which struck the planet Jupiter in 1994 had a mass of roughly 4×1013 kg and was moving at a speed of 60 km/s. • Virtually every person who has driven an automobile or pushed a power lawnmower has used a reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine. By far, the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline enginewhich takes us to school and work and on pleasure jaunts. • Wind power can provide an attractive product to customers who are seeking “green” power. • The hazards which have been associated with using hydrogen gas should not be minimized; however, to put this into perspective, we should remember that society has enthusiastically adopted an automobile that commonly carries ten to twenty gallons of gasoline, a very hazardous fuel. • An antielectron which isalso known as apositron is subatomic particle which has the same mass and magnitude of charge as an electron but exhibits a positive charge. • Comet Shoemaker-Levy,which struck the planet Jupiter in 1994, had a mass of roughly 4×1013 kg and was moving at a speed of 60 km/s. • Virtually every person who has driven an automobile or pushed a power lawnmower has used a reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine. By far, the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline enginewhich takes us to school and work and on pleasure jaunts. • Wind power can provide an attractive product to customers who are seeking “green” power. • The hazards which have been associated with using hydrogen gas should not be minimized; however, to put this into perspective, we should remember that society has enthusiastically adopted an automobile that commonly carries ten to twenty gallons of gasoline, a very hazardous fuel. • An antielectron which isalso known as apositron is subatomic particle which has the same mass and magnitude of charge as an electron but exhibits a positive charge. • Comet Shoemaker-Levy,which struck the planet Jupiter in 1994, had a mass of roughly 4×1013 kg and was moving at a speed of 60 km/s. • Virtually every personwhohas driven an automobile or pushed a power lawnmower has used a reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine. By far, the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline engine, which takes us to school and work and on pleasure jaunts. • Wind power can provide an attractive product to customerswhoare seeking “green” power. • The hazardswhich have been associated with using hydrogen gas should not be minimized; however, to put this into perspective, we should remember that society has enthusiastically adopted an automobilethat commonly carries ten to twenty gallons of gasoline, a very hazardous fuel. • An antielectron, whichisalso known as apositron, is a subatomic particle which has the same mass and magnitude of charge as an electron but exhibits a positive charge. • Comet Shoemaker-Levy,which struck the planet Jupiter in 1994, had a mass of roughly 4×1013 kg and was moving at a speed of 60 km/s. • Virtually every personwhohas driven an automobile or pushed a power lawnmower has used a reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine. By far, the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline engine, which takes us to school and work and on pleasure jaunts. • Wind power can provide an attractive product to customers whoare seeking “green” power. • The hazards which have been associated with using hydrogen gas should not be minimized; however, to put this into perspective, we should remember that society has enthusiastically adopted an automobile that commonly carries ten to twenty gallons of gasoline, a very hazardous fuel. • An antielectron which isalso known as apositron is subatomic particle which has the same mass and magnitude of charge as an electron but exhibits a positive charge. • Comet Shoemaker-Levy,which struck the planet Jupiter in 1994, had a mass of roughly 4×1013 kg and was moving at a speed of 60 km/s. • Virtually every personwhohas driven an automobile or pushed a power lawnmower has used a reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine. By far, the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline engine, which takes us to school and work and on pleasure jaunts. • Wind power can provide an attractive product to customerswhoare seeking “green” power. • The hazards which have been associated with using hydrogen gas should not be minimized; however, to put this into perspective, we should remember that society has enthusiastically adopted an automobile that commonly carries ten to twenty gallons of gasoline, a very hazardous fuel. • An antielectron which isalso known as apositron is subatomic particle which has the same mass and magnitude of charge as an electron but exhibits a positive charge. • Comet Shoemaker-Levy,which struck the planet Jupiter in 1994, had a mass of roughly 4×1013 kg and was moving at a speed of 60 km/s. • Virtually every personwhohas driven an automobile or pushed a power lawnmower has used a reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine. By far, the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline engine, which takes us to school and work and on pleasure jaunts. • Wind power can provide an attractive product to customerswhoare seeking “green” power. • The hazardswhich have been associated with using hydrogen gas should not be minimized; however, to put this into perspective, we should remember that society has enthusiastically adopted an automobile that commonly carries ten to twenty gallons of gasoline, a very hazardous fuel. • An antielectron which isalso known as apositron is subatomic particle which has the same mass and magnitude of charge as an electron but exhibits a positive charge. • Comet Shoemaker-Levy,which struck the planet Jupiter in 1994, had a mass of roughly 4×1013 kg and was moving at a speed of 60 km/s. • Virtually every personwhohas driven an automobile or pushed a power lawnmower has used a reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine. By far, the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline enginewhich takes us to school and work and on pleasure jaunts. • Wind power can provide an attractive product to customers whoare seeking “green” power. • The hazards which have been associated with using hydrogen gas should not be minimized; however, to put this into perspective, we should remember that society has enthusiastically adopted an automobile that commonly carries ten to twenty gallons of gasoline, a very hazardous fuel. • An antielectron which isalso known as apositron is subatomic particle which has the same mass and magnitude of charge as an electron but exhibits a positive charge. • Comet Shoemaker-Levy,which struck the planet Jupiter in 1994, had a mass of roughly 4×1013 kg and was moving at a speed of 60 km/s. • Virtually every personwhohas driven an automobile or pushed a power lawnmower has used a reciprocating internal combustion (IC) engine. By far, the most widely used IC engine is the spark-ignition gasoline engine, which takes us to school and work and on pleasure jaunts. • Wind power can provide an attractive product to customerswhoare seeking “green” power. • The hazardswhich have been associated with using hydrogen gas should not be minimized; however, to put this into perspective, we should remember that society has enthusiastically adopted an automobilethat commonly carries ten to twenty gallons of gasoline, a very hazardous fuel. • An antielectron which isalso known as apositron is subatomic particle which has the same mass and magnitude of charge as an electron but exhibits a positive charge.

10. Language Centre

13. Exercise 6-3: • Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling must be designed to prevent the intake of organisms into the cooling system. • Sigma is the Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, or the amount a process varies from the mean. • The amount of available uranium depends on the price users are willing to pay for its recovery. • The amount of uranium available to support the world's nuclear power programs depends on the price users are prepared to pay for its recovery. • The energy required to break the bonds between atoms in molecules is called the dissociation energy. • A turboprop engine with a gearbox efficiency of 0.95 will transmit only 95% of its power output to its propeller.

14. Exercise 6-3: • Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling must be designed to prevent the intake of organisms into the cooling system. • Sigma is the Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, or the amount a process varies from the mean. • The amount of available uranium depends on the price users are willing to pay for its recovery. • The amount of uranium available to support the world's nuclear power programs depends on the price users are prepared to pay for its recovery • The energy required to break the bonds between atoms in molecules is called the dissociation energy. • A turboprop engine with a gearbox efficiency of 0.95 will transmit only 95% of its power output to its propeller. Reducedformof activeform ”thatuse”

15. Exercise 6-3: • Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling must be designed to prevent the intake of organisms into the cooling system. • Sigma is the Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, or the amount (that) a process varies from the mean. • The amount of available uranium depends on the price users are willing to pay for its recovery. • The amount of uranium available to support the world's nuclear power programs depends on the price users are prepared to pay for its recovery • The energy required to break the bonds between atoms in molecules is called the dissociation energy. • A turboprop engine with a gearbox efficiency of 0.95 will transmit only 95% of its power output to its propeller. • Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling must be designed to prevent the intake of organisms into the cooling system. • Sigma is the Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, or the amount a process varies from the mean. • The amount of available uranium depends on the price users are willing to pay for its recovery. • The amount of uranium available to support the world's nuclear power programs depends on the price users are prepared to pay for its recovery • The energy required to break the bonds between atoms in molecules is called the dissociation energy. • A turboprop engine with a gearbox efficiency of 0.95 will transmit only 95% of its power output to its propeller. Informal/ spoken deletion of ”that” Reducedformof passiveform ”that is used”

16. Exercise 6-3: • Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling must be designed to prevent the intake of organisms into the cooling system. • Sigma is the Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, or the amount a process varies from the mean. • The amount of available uranium depends on the price users are willing to pay for its recovery. • The amount of uranium available to support the world's nuclear power programs depends on the price users are prepared to pay for its recovery • The energy required to break the bonds between atoms in molecules is called the dissociation energy. • A turboprop engine with a gearbox efficiency of 0.95 will transmit only 95% of its power output to its propeller. Reduced form of ”that is available”

17. Exercise 6-3: • Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling must be designed to prevent the intake of organisms into the cooling system. • Sigma is the Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, or the amount a process varies from the mean. • The amount of availableuranium depends on the price users are willing to pay for its recovery. • The amount of uraniumavailabletosupport the world's nuclear power programs depends on the price users are prepared to pay for its recovery. • The energy required to break the bonds between atoms in molecules is called the dissociation energy. • A turboprop engine with a gearbox efficiency of 0.95 will transmit only 95% of its power output to its propeller. Reducedform of ”that is available to support…”

18. Exercise 6-3: • Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling must be designed to prevent the intake of organisms into the cooling system. • Sigma is the Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, or the amount a process varies from the mean. • The amount of availableuranium depends on the price users are willing to pay for its recovery. • The amount of uraniumavailableto support the world's nuclear power programs depends on the price (that) users are prepared to pay for its recovery. • The energy required to break the bonds between atoms in molecules is called the dissociation energy. • A turboprop engine with a gearbox efficiency of 0.95 will transmit only 95% of its power output to its propeller. Informal/ spoken deletion of ”that”

19. Exercise 6-3: • Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling must be designed to prevent the intake of organisms into the cooling system. • Sigma is the Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, or the amount a process varies from the mean. • The amount of availableuranium depends on the price users are willing to pay for its recovery. • The amount of uraniumavailable to support the world's nuclear power programs depends on the price users are prepared to pay for its recovery. • The energy required to break the bonds between atoms in molecules is called the dissociation energy. • A turboprop engine with a gearbox efficiency of 0.95 will transmit only 95% of its power output to its propeller. Reduced form of ”that are in” • Reducedformof passiveform ”that is required”

20. Exercise 6-3: • Power plants using natural bodies of water for cooling must be designed to prevent the intake of organisms into the cooling system. • Sigma is the Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard deviation, or the amount a process varies from the mean. • The amount of availableuranium depends on the price users are willing to pay for its recovery. • The amount of uraniumavailable to support the world's nuclear power programs depends on the price users are prepared to pay for its recovery. • The energy required to break the bonds between atoms in molecules is called the dissociation energy. • A turboprop engine with a gearbox efficiency of 0.95 will transmit only 95% of its power output to its propeller. Reduced form of ”which has”

21. Exercise 6-4: • Today, the IC engine that is most widely used is the spark-ignition gasoline engine. • The Otto cycle is the theoretical cycle that is commonly used to represent the processes which are in the spark ignition (SI) internal combustion engine. • While the performance of the two machines is found to be essentially the same, the single-shaft machine is sometimes preferred in applications that have fixed operating conditions where good part-load performance that happens over a range of speeds is not important.

22. Exercise 6-4: • Today, the IC engine that is most widely used is the spark-ignition gasoline engine. • Today, themost widely usedIC engineis the spark-ignition gasoline engine. (pre-modification) • Today, theIC enginemost widely usedis the spark-ignition gasoline engine. (post-modification) • The Otto cycle is the theoretical cycle commonly used to represent the processes which are in the spark ignition (SI) internal combustion engine. • The Otto cycle is the theoretical cycle that is commonly used to represent the processes which are in the spark ignition (SI) internal combustion engine. • The Otto cycle is the theoretical cycle that is commonly used to represent the processes which are inthe spark ignition (SI) internal combustion engine. • The Otto cycle is the theoretical cycle commonly used to represent the processes Øinthe spark ignition (SI) internal combustion engine. • The Otto cycle is the theoretical cycle commonly used to represent the processeswhich are in the spark ignition (SI) internal combustion engine. • While the performance of the two machines is found to be essentially the same, the single-shaft machine is sometimes preferred in applicationswithfixedoperating conditions where good part-load performancethat happens over a range of speeds is not important. • While the performance of the two machines is found to be essentially the same, the single-shaft machine is sometimes preferred in applicationswithfixedoperating conditions where good part-load performance that happens over a range of speeds is not important. • While the performance of the two machines is found to be essentially the same, the single-shaft machine is sometimes preferred in applications that have fixed operating conditions where good part-load performance that happens over a range of speeds is not important. • While the performance of the two machines is found to be essentially the same, the single-shaft machine is sometimes preferred in applicationsthat have fixed operating conditions where good part-load performance that happens over a range of speeds is not important. • While the performance of the two machines is found to be essentially the same, the single-shaft machine is sometimes preferred in applicationswithfixed operating conditions where good part-load performancehappeningover a range of speeds is not important.

23. Exercise 6-4: (pre-modification) (post-modification) • We are living in a world that is rapidly changing and that requires continuous adaptation of old technologies and the development of new ones. • We are living in a world that is rapidly changing and that requires continuous adaptation of old technologies and the development of new ones. • We are living in a rapidly changingworldthat requirescontinuous adaptation of old technologies and the development of new ones. • We are living in a worldrapidly changingand requiring continuous adaptation of old technologies and the development of new ones. • All human activities involve conversion of energy from one form to another. The human body, through complex processes, transforms the chemical energy storedin foodinto external motion and work that will be produced by muscles as well as electrical impulses that control and activate internal functions. • All human activities involve conversion of energy from one form to another. The human body, through complex processes, transforms the chemical energy which has been stored in food into external motion and work that will be produced by muscles as well as electrical impulses that control and activate internal functions. • All human activities involve conversion of energy from one form to another. The human body, through complex processes, transforms the chemical energy which has been storedin foodinto external motion and work that will be produced by muscles as well as electrical impulses that control and activate internal functions. • All human activities involve conversion of energy from one form to another. The human body, through complex processes, transforms the chemical energy storedin food into external motion and work producedby muscles as well as electrical impulses that control and activate internal functions. • All human activities involve conversion of energy from one form to another. The human body, through complex processes, transforms the chemical energy storedin food into external motion and work that will be produced by muscles as well as electrical impulses that control and activate internal functions. • All human activities involve conversion of energy from one form to another. The human body, through complex processes, transforms the chemical energystoredin food into external motion and workproducedby muscles as well as electrical impulsescontrollingandactivatinginternal functions. • It is well known that the two planets Øclosest to the sun have average temperatures higher than those of the Earth and that the outer planets are colder because of the inverse square law of radiative transfer of the sun's radiation field. • It is well known that the two planets that are closest to the sun have average temperatures higher than those of the Earth and that the outer planets are colder because of the inverse square law of radiative transfer of the sun's radiation field. • It is well known that the two planets that are closest to the sun have average temperatures higher than those of the Earth and that the outer planets are colder because of the inverse square law of radiative transfer of the sun's radiation field.

24. Exercise 6-5: Advanced use of relatives • The list will be pre-populated with the address the client provided. The list will be pre-populated with the address(that)the client provided. … with the addresswhichwas provided bythe client. The list will be pre-populated with the addressprovided bythe client.

25. Exercise 6-5: • The list will be pre-populated with the address (that) the client provided. • I found the report. Jukka wrote it. • A number of suggestions were made at the meeting. Most of them were not very practical. • He acted in a famous movie. I don't remember the name of it now. • Choose the e-mail address that the welcome message will be sent to. The list will be pre-populated with the addressprovided bythe client. I found the report written byJukka. A number of suggestions were made at the meeting, most of whichwere not very practical. He acted in a famous movie, the name of whichI don't remember now. Choose the e-mail address to whichthe welcome message will be sent.

26. Exercise 6-6: • Vehiclesthat fuel cells power combine the attractive advantages of battery-powered cars and the convenience of an internal combustion engine. Vehiclespoweredbyfuelcellscombinetheattractiveadvantages of battery-poweredcars and theconvenience of an internalcombustionengine. • The options and advantagescomputers provide are endless. The options and advantages provided bycomputersare endless.. • In order to function well, the virtual communitieswhich the Internet supports depend upon rules of conduct, the same as any society. In order to function well, the virtual communitiessupported bythe Internetdepend upon rules of conduct, the same as any society.

27. Exercise 6-6: • The 75-kW powerunitconvertsfuel into electricpower with an efficiency of approximately 40%. Nearly 2,837 kcal of fuelenergy is consumed for eachkilowatt-hourthe systemdelivers. The 75-kW powerunitconvertsfuel into electricpower with an efficiency of approximately 40%. Nearly 2,837 kcal of fuelenergy is consumed for eachkilowatt-hourdeliveredbythe system. • There is an important difference between the CO2which nature produces and thatwhich human activities emit. There is an important difference between the CO2produced bynatureand thatemitted byhuman activities. • This program builds a log of the queriesa user has given, the resultsGooglehasreturned, the resultthe user has clicked on, and the summaries, titles and ranks of the results Googlehas presented. This program builds a log of the queriesgivenbya user, the resultsreturnedbyGoogle, the resultclickedbythe user, and the summaries, titles and ranks of the resultspresentedbyGoogle.

28. Options for modifying a noun

29. Options for modifying a noun

39. NOUN COMPOUNDPREPOSITIONAL STRUCTURE • 1 2 33 2 1 • A motiondetectionalgorithm = An algorithmforthedetectionofmotion • An algorithmfordetectingmotion • 1 2 33 2 1 • Consumer productsafety = Thesafetyof products forconsumers • 1 2 33 2 1 • Graphics software packages = Packagesof software forgraphics

42. HYPHENATED [-] NOT HYPHENATED [Ø] A man-eatingshark A man eating shark Hyphenation of compound premodifiers (a carnivorous fish) (A man who eats shark, i.e., a carnivorous male human)

43. 1. [ NOUN + NOUN ] Pre-modifier + HEAD NOUN Hyphenation of compound premodifiers Avideo-gameindustry Anindustrythat producesvideo games Asilver-gold alloy An alloy that consist ofsilver and gold

44. 2. [ ADJECTIVE + NOUN ] Pre-modifier + HEAD NOUN Hyphenation of compound premodifiers Ahigh-performanceinternet server (An internet server that performs at a high speed) Low-powerelectronics (Electronics that havea low consumption of electrical power)

45. 3. [ NOUN + PAST PARTICIPLE ] Pre-modifier + HEAD NOUN Hyphenation of compound premodifiers computer-relatedterms (Termsthatarerelatedto computers) A helium-filledballoon (A balloonthat is filledwith helium)

46. + HEAD NOUN 4. [ NOUN + PRESENT PARTICIPLE ] Pre-modifier Hyphenation of compound premodifiers Alight-emittingdiode (A diode that emits light) Awater-coolingsystem (A system that is used for cooling water)

47. + HEAD NOUN 5. [ ADVERB + PAST PARTICIPLE ] Premodifier Hyphenating compound adjectives Awell-establishedtransportation system (A transportation system that is wellestablished)

48. 6. [ NUMBER + UNIT ] Pre-modifier + HEAD NOUN Hyphenation of compound premodifiers A2-inchgap An8-milliseconddelay (A gap that is two inches wide) (A delaylasting 8 milliseconds) A500-gigabytehard drive (A hard drive with the capacity of 500 gigabytes) Three-dimensional objects (Objectsthat have three dimensions)

49. Exercise 6-7 1. A picture of two different 9 volt batteries is shown in figure 1.2. 1. A picture of two different 9-volt batteries is shown in figure 1.2. 2. A simplified drawing of a practical, high precision experiment is shown in figure 1.1. 2. A simplified drawing of a practical, high-precision experiment is shown in figure 1.1. 3. If you perform a gas releasing reaction in a sealed chamber with no room for expansion, you get an explosion. 3. If you perform a gas-releasing reaction in a sealed chamber with no room for expansion, you get an explosion. 4. Certain types of calculations can be approached with the divide and conquer technique. 4. Certain types of calculations can be approached with the divide-and-conquer technique. 5. The solution was found by measuring the mass to charge ratios of highly ionized atoms. 5. The solution was found by measuring the mass-to-charge ratios of highly ionized atoms. 6. A working 30 meter diameter solar sail, Cosmos 1, was built by an American company. Earlier solar sails exceeding 30 m in diameter were launched into orbit but failed to open. 6. A working 30-meter-diameter solar sail, Cosmos 1, was built by an American company. Earlier solar sails exceeding 30 m in diameter were launched into orbit but failed to open.

50. Exercise 6-8 data which have not been published unpublished data 2. a phenomenon that has been well documented a well-documented phenomenon 3. techniques that are used in solving problems problem-solving techniques 4. metals that have been treated with heat heat-treated metals 5. an earthquake that has a magnitude of 7.6 a 7.6-magnitude earthquake