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Exploring the Periodic Table: Elements, Characteristics, and Properties

Learn about the historical significance of the Periodic Table, the contributions of Dimitri Mendeleev, and the modern periodic theory. Understand the organization of elements into groups and periods, valence electrons, and important definitions like electronegativity and ionization energy. Explore the distinctions between metals, non-metals, and metalloids, with exceptions like Bromine and Mercury being liquids at room temperature. Deepen your knowledge by examining images based on the characteristics of different types of elements.

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Exploring the Periodic Table: Elements, Characteristics, and Properties

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  1. The PERIODIC TABLE

  2. History • Dimitri Mendeleev is considered the father of the Periodic Table • Based on atomic mass, though he knew that was wrong. • Was able to predict several elements and left space on the table. • First one to organize all data for elements efficiently. • The modern Periodic Table is based on increasing atomic number • Modern Periodic Theory states that periodicity is based on number of valence electrons.

  3. Periodic Groups Periods Table (Families) Rows Columns Numbered: Numbered: 1 through 18 1through 7

  4. III. Valence Electrons

  5. Important Definitions • Valence electrons: electrons in outermost energy level • Electronegativity: rating 0-4 of desire an atom has to gain an electron • Ionization energy: amount of energy needed to remove one valence electron. Referred to as first and second (energy needed to remove next outermost electron)

  6. Every Group Has a Name 1 2 3 - 12 17 18 Transi t ion Earth Alka l i Halogens Alkal ine Nobl e Me t a l s Ga s s e s Me t a l s Meta ls

  7. There are THREE Types of Elements: Metals Non Metals • Solids • Density greater than water • Malleable • Ductile • Luster • Conductors • Low ionization energy • and electronegativity values • Form positive ions • Gasses • Brittle (when solid) • Dull surface • Poor Conductors • High ionization energy and electronegativity values • Form negative ions Metalloids B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At *Display BOTHCharacteristics

  8. EXCEPTIONS: Bromine and Mercury are LIQUIDS at Room Temperature

  9. *Non Metals* Mostly Gasses *Metals* *Metalloids*

  10. EXCEPTION: *Hydrogen is NOT a Metal* *Al is NOT a Metalloid*

  11. Using the information we just learned, Describe the following pictures:

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