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36.1: The Nervous System

36.1: The Nervous System. Section Objectives: Analyze how nerve impulses travel Interpret the functions of the major parts of the nervous system. Compare voluntary responses and involuntary responses. How we respond to change.

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36.1: The Nervous System

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  1. 36.1:The Nervous System Section Objectives: Analyze how nerve impulses travel Interpret the functions of the major parts of the nervous system. Compare voluntary responses and involuntary responses.

  2. How we respond to change • stimulus: a change in the external or internal environment which imitates an impulse • impulse~ an electro-chemical charge generated along a neuron • receptors~ structures specialized to detect certain stimuli • response~ a reaction to a stimulus • effectors~ what responds to a stimulus such as muscles or glands

  3. Neurons: Basic Units of the Nervous System • Neurons conduct impulses throughout the nervous system. • A neuron is a long cell that consists of three regions: a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

  4. Neurons: Basic Units of the Nervous System • Dendrites~ receive impulses and carry them toward the cell body • Axon~ carries impulses away from the cell body and toward other neurons, muscles, or glands. • Cell body~ contains the nucleus

  5. Neurons: Basic Units of the Nervous System 3 Types of neurons. • 1. Sensory neurons: carry impulses from the body to the spinal cord and brain (sense receptors) • 2. Motor neurons carry the response impulses away from the brain and spinal cord to a muscle or gland. (effectors) • 3.Interneurons: connect sensory &motor neurons within the brain and spinal cord

  6. Connections between neurons • Synapse: gap between neurons or neurons and effectors • Neurotransmitter: chemical, such as acetylcholine, which, when secreted aid in the transmission of of an impulse across a synapse.

  7. The Central Nervous System(CNS) • Brain Spinal cord

  8. Peripheral nervous system(PNS) • all the nerves that carry messages to and from the central nervous system Two systems work together Brain (CNS Spinal cord (CNS) Spinal nerves (PNS)

  9. Anatomy of the brain • Cerebrum: • Conscious activities • Intelligence • Memory • Language • Voluntary activity • Cerebellum: -Coordinates motor activity -balance Medulla Oblongata: involuntary activities such as breathing,&heart rate

  10. The Nervous System

  11. SUMMARY OF NERVOUS SYSTEM • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/11516-the-nervous-system-summary-video.htm 25minutes, 22 seconds.

  12. Nerve Quiz • What makes up the central nervous system? • What makes up the Peripheral Nervous system? • What is an example of a voluntary action? • What is an example of an action that is not voluntary or under conscious control? • What is a neuron? • What are the 3 kinds of neurons? • What is a synapse? • How do nerve impulses travel across a synapse? • What are the 5 senses? • What is a reflex action?

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