The Nervous System

1. The Nervous System 2 N.S. structures (p.156) : Peripheral Nervous System – Nerve endings branched out among the extremities Central Nervous System – brain and spinal cord

2. The Nervous System 2 Major parts of peripheral (158): Somatic - Voluntary actions Autonomic - involuntary (heartbeat, stomach, etc.) What about breathing & blinking?

3. The Nervous System Autonomic parts A. Sympathetic - prepares for emergencies: blood pressure , digestion stops, etc.

4. The Nervous System Autonomic parts B) Parasympathetic - conserve energy & recover (drop in b.p., etc.)

5. The Nervous System 2 important parts of the Central: A. Spinal Cord (neurons) B. Brain

7. The Nervous System: Micro From BODY to BRAIN…and back- (crosses at a synapse) Neurons: long, thin cells that transmit data within the body Neuron message transmission is a combination of - electrical and chemical

8. The Nervous System: Micro Neuron parts include (label): *Dendrites *Axons (myelin) *cell body *nucleus *synapses *Axon terminals

10. Dendrites *bring info. TO the cell body *many dendrites / cell *branch NEAR the cell body

11. Axons *take info. AWAY FROM the cell body *usually few (or one) axon / cell *branch further from cell body *release neurotransmitters

12. How the Nervous System Works Nerve impulses -electrical within (the neuron) -chemical across (the synapse)

13. Endocrine System • Sends messages to the body using Hormones Through the Bloodstream

14. Endocrine System Pituitary Gland -Under the direction of the Hypothalamus -”master gland” that regulates other endocrine glands -regulates growth and metabolism

15. Endocrine System Thyroid • produces thyroxine • too little = lazy and lethargic (hypothyroidism) - too much = overactive: loss of weight & sleep (hyperthyroidism)

16. Endocrine System Adrenal Glands - active when angry or frightened - release epinephrine (adrenaline) & norepinephrine (noradrenaline) • can influence emotions (fear & anxiety) • Steroid release helps w/ energy when needed

17. Endocrine System Sex Glands • testes: sperm & testosterone • ovaries: eggs, estrogen & progesterone • Affect physical & sexual development

18. Hormones vs Neurotransmitters slow, widespread messages between cells bloodstream rapid, specific messages

19. The Nervous System 2 N.S. structures (p.156) : Peripheral Nervous System – Central Nervous System –

20. The Nervous System 2 Major parts of peripheral (158): Somatic - Autonomic -

21. The Nervous System Autonomic parts A. Sympathetic -

22. The Nervous System Autonomic parts B) Parasympathetic -

23. The Nervous System 2 important parts of the Central: A. Spinal Cord (neurons) B. Brain

25. The Nervous System: Micro From BODY to BRAIN…and back- Neurons: Neuron message transmission is a combination of -

26. The Nervous System: Micro Neuron parts include (label):

28. Dendrites * * *

29. Axons * * * *

30. How the Nervous System Works Nerve impulses within (the neuron) across (the synapse)

31. Endocrine System • Sends messages to the body using Through

32. Endocrine System Pituitary Gland - - -

33. Endocrine System Thyroid -

34. Endocrine System Adrenal Glands - - -

35. Endocrine System Sex Glands

36. Hormones vs Neurotransmitters * * * *