Progressivism

1. Progressivism

2. Causes • Journalists expose corruption in govt • Journalists expose unhealthy working conditions • Intellectuals qt dominant role of large corporations • Reformers want to be more responsive to citizens • Number of educated citizens increase

3. Effects • Working conditions improve • Business regulation increases • City govt becomes more efficient • State govt becomes more democratic • New amendments are added to the Constitution

4. Progressive Movement Goals • Promoting Social Welfare • Promoting Moral Improvement • Creating Economic Reform • Fostering Efficiency

5. Promoting Social Welfare • Aimed to help the poor through community centers, churches, social services • YMCA • Salvation Army • Florence Kelly • General Security of the National Consumers League • Investigating conditions under which goods are made and sold • Outlaw child labor and protect workers

6. Promoting Moral Improvement • Morality not the workplace held the key to improving the lives of poor people • Prohibition • Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

7. Economic Reform • Began to embrace socialism b/c of uneven balance under capitalism • Muckrakers • Henry George • Poverty arose b/c some people bought property and held on to it until price rose • Edward Bellamy • Looking Backward: 2000; US transformed into a place of harsh working conditions, poverty, corruption

8. Fostering Efficiency • Make society & workplace more efficient • Scientific Management • Henry Ford

9. City Level Reforms • Natural Disasters • Led to adoption of city level officials; city council, city manager • goal was to stop corruption

10. State Level Reforms • Progressive governors passed states laws regulating RR, mines, mills, telephones companies • Robert M. La Follette: governor of Wisconsin, led way in regulating big business

11. Child Labor • Performed unskilled jobs for lower wages • Small body parts • Every member of family needed to work • Forming serious health problems • National child Labor Committee • Keating-Owen Act • Muller v Oregon • http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/about/what_is_child_labor.html http://www.labor.ky.gov/LaborInternet/Templates/MainTemplate_file.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2fows%2femploymentstandards%2fchildlaborlaw%2f&NRNODEGUID=%7b94D8F9DA-60B5-47C7-A662-0E23E510CF10%7d&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest#Age_14_&_15

12. Gains made by Voters • Direct Primaries: cast ballots to select nominees for upcoming election • 17th Amendment: allowing voters to pick their Senators • Initiative: citizens can propose new laws by obtaining a certain % of voters signatures on petition • Referendum: gave voters a more direct role in legislation • Recall: gave voters more ability to remove public officials from office before next election

13. Women’s Reform • Options in finding a job • ½ pay for equal work • Colleges • Marriage • NACW (National Association of Colored Women) • Women’s Suffrage • Susan B. Anthony

14. Teddy Roosevelt • modern Amer required a powerful govt • Square Deal: progressive reforms designed to protect the common people against big business • 1902 Coal Miners Strike • Federal govt would now step in to settle disputes when welfare was threatened

15. Trust Busting • Trusts lowered prices to drive out competition, then rose prices • Regulate trusts that were harmful to public interest

16. Railroad Regulation • Interstate Commerce Act • ICC (set up maximum rail rates) • Elkins Act • Hepburn Act

17. Upton Sinclair • Wrote “The Jungle”; horrors of meatpacking industry • Led to creation of Meat Inspection Act • Dictated strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers and created the program of federal meat inspection • Pure Food and Drug Act • Truth in labeling

18. Natural Resources • Established National Parks • Some wilderness would be preserved and others would be developed for the common good

19. Civil Rights • Failed to support • Booker T. Washington: head of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute • WEB Du Boise: blacks should accept segregation; helped form the NAACP

20. William Howard Taft • Payne-Alrich Tariff • Compromise on tariff rate, angered progressives • Ballinger-Pinchot Affair • Ballinger allowed private group of business people to obtain several million acres of Alaskan public lands (rich w/ coal deposits); Pinchot thought Ballinger showed special treatment, Taft fired Pinchot, Rep revolted against Taft and began to vote Democratic; Ballinger resigned • T. Roosevelt wanted to run for re-election; incumbent nomination went to Taft

21. Bull Moose Party • Progressive party; candidate was T. R. • Platform: tariff reduction, women’s suffrage, regulate business, end child labor, popular election of Senators • TR shot in chest

22. Election of 1912 • Roosevelt: Bull Moose Party • Eugene Debs: Labor Party • Woodrow Wilson: Democrat Party • Taft: Republican Party • Wilson won election • http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/1483/1518969/DIVI492.jpg

23. Woodrow Wilson • Clayton Anti-trust Act • Strengthened Sherman Anti-Trust; prohibited corporations from acquiring the stock of another if doing so would create a monopoly • Underwood Tariff • Substantially reduced tariff rates • 16th Amendment • Legalized income tax; graduated tax

24. Banking • Federal Reserve System • Reorganized federal banking system • Federal Reserve Act • Divided country into 12 regions; created 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks, all national banks in district are affiliated with this bank • Allow members to borrow money to meet short term demands, allowed to issue paper money in emergencies

25. Voting Rights 1919: passage of 19th Amendment Wilson and Civil Rights - opposed anti-lynching legislation - Capitol and Federal Offices were segregated Limits of Progressivism - successful with economic and political reform, hesitant about social -promised to help A.A., but didn’t Progressive movement came to a halt as a result of WWI