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Mastering Data Essentials: Understanding Variables, Characteristics, and Descriptive Analysis

Learn how to identify data types (quantitative or categorical), grasp the 5 W’s of data sets, and interpret variables through examples and questions. Explore the significance of where, when, why, and how data is gathered and next steps in data analysis.

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Mastering Data Essentials: Understanding Variables, Characteristics, and Descriptive Analysis

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  1. Chapter 2 Data

  2. What should you be able to do at the end of this chapter? • Identify data. • Identify variables. • Determine whether data are used as quantitative or categorical variables. • Identify the 5 W’s of data sets.

  3. What are Data? • Numbers? • Labels?

  4. The Five W’s of Data • Who • What • When • Where • Why • How?

  5. Who • Individuals • Surveys – Respondents • Experiments – Human Subjects • Experiments – Experimental Units • Databases – Records • Cases

  6. What • Variables – characteristics about each individual. • Categorical Variables • Recorded as labels. • Quantitative Variables • Recorded and used as numbers • Measurement units (ex. cm or in)

  7. Examples • Categorical • Quantitative

  8. Examples • Quantitative or Categorical? • Age • In Number of Years - • Child or Adult – • Education Level • HS, Some College, Bachelors, Advanced Degree – • In Number of Years -

  9. Where, When, Why, and How • Questions to ask yourself • Where did the data come from? • When were the data collected? • How were the data obtained? • Why were the data gathered?

  10. What’s next? • What do the data look like? • What can the data tell us? • How can we describe the data using different graphs? • How can we describe the data using different numbers?

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