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The Revolutionary Era

The Revolutionary Era. New British Laws/Taxes. Huge National Debt to pay off: 10,000 NOW stationed in America British thought Colonists should pay for the Protection. New British Laws/Taxes. Sugar Act: Sugar was used to sweeten tea and create rum Tax on Sugar to make money Taxes =

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The Revolutionary Era

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  1. The Revolutionary Era

  2. New British Laws/Taxes • Huge National Debt to pay off: • 10,000 NOW stationed in America • British thought Colonists should pay for the Protection

  3. New British Laws/Taxes • Sugar Act: • Sugar was used to sweeten tea and create rum • Tax on Sugar to make money • Taxes = • increase in price of sugar and rum • A Breach of English Rights? • “No Taxation without Direct Representation”

  4. New British Laws/Taxes • The Stamp Act – 1765 • All official documents required to have a stamp on it – a stamp that was paid for • Affected Middle Class • Artisans & merchants • Literate and involved • Caused Major Demonstrations!

  5. New British Laws/Taxes • The Stamp Act Congress • October 1765: 9 colonies sent delegates to NYC • Petitioned the King to Remove the Tax • The Colonial Boycott: • Boycott of all British Goods • Successful: Stamp Act repealed • Parliament Stated they had the RIGHT to tax

  6. New British Laws/Taxes • The Quartering Act: • 1765: Colonists had to provide living arrangements for British Soldiers • In their homes or barracks

  7. New British Laws/Taxes • Townshend Act: • 1767: Taxed goods FROM GB • Writs of Assistance: • Allowed GB to search homes for smuggled goods without a warrant • Right to privacy in ones home is cherished • COLONISTS ANGRY!!! COLONISTS SMASH!!! • Act Repealed except for Tax on Tea!

  8. Boston Massacre • British troops in Boston were BIG RED SYMBOLS of BRITISH RULE! • Unskilled labor hated them: • British Troops 2nd Jobs • Would take jobs from Colonists

  9. Boston Massacre • March 1770: • Mob formed outside customs house • Mob threw snowballs at the Guards outside • Someone yelled “fire” and the British soldiers fired into the crowd • 5 people died • Sons of Liberty played up the attack • Historical Bias? Paul Revere’s Engraving

  10. Boston Massacre • Soldiers on Trial for Murder • Defended by John Adams • All soldiers released except for 2 • Served Light sentences • British soldiers were removed from Boston to the countryside

  11. The Boston Tea Party • Dec 16,1773: • 3 east India tea ships in Boston Harbor • Samuel Adams +70 Sons of Liberty boarded the ships and sent $1 million in tea overboard • Hundreds watched

  12. The Coercive Acts • 1774: Parliament response to Tea Party • Closed Port of Boston • GB brought in more troops and strict Gov. until tea was repaid Sons of Liberty renamed it “Intolerable Acts” • Historical Bias?

  13. First Continental Congress • Intolerable Acts further unified the Colonists • 1774: First Continental Congress met in Philly 1. Agreed parliament had too much control 3. Agreed to a non-importation Agreement 4. “Minutemen” formed • King George III wants Mass. Under Control! • Tells Gen. Thomas Gage to handle it!

  14. Hostilities Begin • April 18, 1775- • 700 British Troops to Concord Mass. • Secure Colonial Supplies and arrest Leaders • Spreading the Alarm: • Paul Revere and 20+ riders inform the Minute Men in Mass.

  15. Hostilities Begin • Lexington: • 70 Minutemen met at Lexington to stop the British • 70 Colonists vs. 700 British • “Shot Heard ‘round the World” • 8 Colonial Casualties – Colonists lose • The British continued on the Concord • OPEN CONFLICT HAS BEGUN!

  16. Hostilities Begin • Concord: • Hundreds of Minutemen there • Concord supplies/ leaders moved • Both sides exchanged shots • The British retreated back to Boston • Militiamen fired on Redcoats all the way back to Boston • Surrounded British in Boston

  17. John Adams vs. Samuel Adams • Battle of Two Styles of Protest!! COUSIN vs. COUSIN! LETS DO THIS!

  18. John Adams • Born in 1735 • Father • Involved in Politics • Puritan Deacon • Adams family was on the Mayflower • Rise to Prominence: • Stamp Act of 1765 • Wrote and Published on Enlightenment ideas and Stamp Act legality • Wrote “Braintree Instructions” in defense of colonial rights against Parliament aggression • Defended the 8 British soldiers of the Boston Massacre – And Won

  19. John Adams • Philosophy: • Enlightened Thinker • Believer in Republican Government • “Rule by People AND by LAW” • Huge supporter of the RULE OF LAW • Law and Facts do not change – men do • Supporter of Bicameral Legislature and Separation of Powers • THE PATRIOT BY PEN! • Trial of the Boston massacre soldiers in “John Adams”

  20. Samuel Adams • Born 1722 • Family leading figure in local Politics • Mass. House of Reps. • 1748: Began a local Newspaper that criticized British Rule • Became a very popular man among the common people • Involved in Sugar Act Protest

  21. Sam Adams • 1748: • Began a local Newspaper • Criticized British Rule • Became a very popular man among the common people • Sugar Act Protest • Involved in Protest – led many • 1765: Helped Found the “Sons of Liberty” of Boston • Group of Middle class Boston residents who opposed British Authority

  22. Sons of Liberty • Tactics: • Boycotts • Effigy Burnings • Mob Intimidation • Tar and Feather • 1773: Boston Tea Party • SAM ADAMS: LEADER OF THE SONS – THE PATRIOT’S MUSKET • Tar and Feather example from “John Adams”

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