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January 25, 2012

January 25, 2012. Introductions Chapter 8 Concepts Chapter 8 Terms Intro to plant cloning Assignment: Terms. Define terms on page 171 Due tomorrow! (Thursday) Reading: Ch 8. Intros!. Mrs. Haddad (Mrs. H) UW-Platteville Agricultural Education Biotechnology I like to:

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January 25, 2012

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  1. January 25, 2012 • Introductions • Chapter 8 Concepts • Chapter 8 Terms • Intro to plant cloning • Assignment: Terms. Define terms on page 171 • Due tomorrow! (Thursday) • Reading: Ch 8

  2. Intros! • Mrs. Haddad (Mrs. H) • UW-Platteville • Agricultural Education • Biotechnology • I like to: • Travel, play sports, scrapbook, and show cows • mrshonlineag.wordpress.com

  3. Plant Cloning

  4. But First… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvnKybI7fzU

  5. Key Concepts Plants naturally propagate by cloning Advantages of cloning Identify plant “anatomy” involved Describe various methods Role of plant hormones Genetic alteration

  6. Key Terms • Asexual Reproduction • Type of cloning that ensures a desirable species would be produced • Vegetative Propagation • Increase in the number of plants by planting seeds, using cuttings, division, grafting or layering • Plastids • Plant cell bodies containing photosynthetic pigments

  7. Key Terms • Separation • Pulling apart plants where they naturally separate for propagations • Division • Plant cuttings into sections and growing new from each section • Stolons • Runners; specialized stems that branch out horizontally above ground

  8. Key Terms • Rhizomes • Elongated underground stems; often tuber shaped • Tuber • Thickened or swollen underground branch or stolon with numerous buds • Bulbs • Subterranean buds with overlapping membrane-like leaf bases

  9. Key Terms • Tunicate • Bulb with dry outer layers and grows via small “bublets” • Nontunicate • Bulb with layers of outer scales that can be separated and propagated • Corms • Enlarged fleshy base of a stem in which food accumulates

  10. Key Terms • Auxin • Plant hormones • Layering • Propagations via covering a portion of the plant with soil to encourage rooting off a stem of the parent plant • Grafting • Plant material from two separate plants joined into one

  11. Key Terms • Scion • In grafting, the upper part of the plant • Cambium • Actively growing cells between bark and wood • Callus Cells • Undifferentiated tissue cells

  12. Key Terms • Xylem • Plant “plumbing;” channel for water and dissolved minerals • Phloem • Inner bark; channel for food throughout the plant • Tissue Culture • Small amount of tissue used to grow a new plant

  13. Key Terms • Meristem • Plant tissue with undifferentiated cells • Explant • Plant tissue containing meristem cells; taken from very end of stem or root

  14. Intro to Plant Cloning • History: • One of the oldest forms of cloning • Natural • Man made • Asexual Reproduction • Vegetative Propagation • STRAWBERRIES!

  15. January 26, 2012 Term Review FREE WRITE Discussion Advantages of Plant Cloning Assignment: Lab Write Up TOMORROW: Lab!

  16. Advantages of Plant Cloning • FREE WRITE! • Take three minutes to list all of the advantages of plant cloning you can think of.

  17. Advantages of Cloning • Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWOAPYcMPHw

  18. Advantages of Cloning Genetically identical More efficient Seedless Uniformity Resistance Yield Fertility Increased possibilities Nutritional Benefits Dependability

  19. Disadvantages Genetically identical Diversity Disease Spread Disease Susceptibility Cost Time Reliance on humans Ethics

  20. According to the USDA… • Yield • A cloned plant can yield a thousand new plants from one parent plant. This means that farmers can produce more crops without a lot of seeds. • Strength • Cloning a plant means you can choose the best plants to clone. An entire crop of healthy, prosperous plants can be cloned from one strong parent plant. • Timing • Cloned plants grow at the same rate, so harvesting can become streamlined. • Food Options • So far, the FDA has stated that cloned food would be perfectly safe for humans to eat. They have not, however, finalized a ruling to allow cloned food on the market. Read more: What Are the Advantages of Cloning in Agriculture? | eHow.comhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_5750461_advantages-cloning-agriculture_.html#ixzz1kU9V5qZV

  21. In Preparation for Lab • Fingerprinting & DNA Extraction • DNA=code of life • It’s how we know that there are over one million differences between you and me. (That’s 0.1% of our DNA!!!) • Read Introduction

  22. January 27, 2012 • LAB! • DNA Extraction and Fingerprinting • Monday: • Video: The Future of Food • Prepare for critical thinking!!

  23. February 1, 2012 • Types of cloning • Tomorrow: • Packet Due! • Current Events work day • Meet here!

  24. Types of Cloning Separation & Division Tuber & Bulbs Cuttings Layering Grafting Tissue Culture

  25. But First… • A few differences between animal & plant cells • Plants: Central Vacuole, Cell Wall, Plastids • EASIER TO CLONE!! • Why? • Greater natural frequency • Mitosis vs Meiosis

  26. Separation and Division • Separation • Genetic consistency • Faster growth • Hybrid options • Division • Plant rejuvenation • Early spring

  27. Tubers and Bulbs • Tubers • Uniform crop vs True Seed • New vs Old • Emergence • Stems • Tuber initiation • Maturity • Vigor • Yield • Bulbs • Underground • Divide into two

  28. Cuttings • Cut depends on plant species • Ex: Potato • http://www.ehow.com/video_7618017_plant-rose-bush-cuttings.html • He’ll explain it better than I will…

  29. Layering • Three Types: • Air (Ex: Rubber Plant) • Mound (Ex: Shrubs) • Tip (Ex: Black Raspberries) • Bury a branch in the soil • Eventually form roots • Cut from original • Transplant

  30. Grafting • A scion is removed from one plant and fused onto another plant • Cleft • The stock is cut in half, perpendicular to the ground. The top is split, the scion inserted, and the graft sealed with special wax. • Bark • The end of the scion is cut into a thin wedge, and the scion is stored in a refrigerator. The scion is inserted under the bark, secured with wire staples and sealed with wax. • Whip/Tongue • Scion and stock are of the same diameter. A slender V cut is made at the end of the scion and a matching V is cut into the stock. The point of the scion is placed into the receiving V and the graft is bound and sealed with wax. • Best time for a woody cut is during dormancy!!

  31. Tissue Culture Originated in France (mid ‘60s) Micro propagation (In-Vitro) Screen cells rather than plants Produce valuable compounds Cross distant species Rapid breeding Tissue for transformation Obtain “clean stock” from meristem Large numbers of identical individuals

  32. Fun Facts • Some plants grown only for the male • Ex: Asparagus • Some are propagated by their rhizomes & corms • Bermuda Grass • Gladiolus • High relative humidity helps growth after propagation

  33. February 2, 2012 Packet Due TODAY! Cloning GMOs Packet Due Today! Friday: Terms Quiz & Current Events

  34. Article Read the article Answer the questions Highlight words or phrases you don’t understand

  35. February 3, 2012 • Terms Quiz • Current Events • Think of questions • Agronomy speaker Monday!!

  36. February 6, 2012 • Today: Agronomy Speaker • Tomorrow: LAB • Tonight: Be ready for lab quiz before lab tomorrow!

  37. February 7, 2012 LAB! Tomorrow: Current Events presentations

  38. February 8, 2012 Test Review TEST TOMORROW!!

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