Organic Compounds Tues 9/3/13

Organic Compounds Tues 9/3/13 • finish up last outline (properties of water) • importance of carbon • functional groups • dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis • macromolecules & monomers • carbohydrates -- glucose…..starch • lipids -- fats, steroids & phospholipids • proteins -- amino acids • nucleic acids - DNA / RNA • Emails to me: • put L100 in the subject line so it is filtered into a special mailbox • I will see the emails and respond faster if they go into the L100 mailbox

Organic Molecules: • large molecules which make up our bodies and the foods that we eat are primarily organic compounds

Organic Molecules: backbone of carbon • importance of carbon • carbon atom • commonly forms • bonds

carbon backbone: • different binding patterns / different properties:

Functional Groups: • common groups of atoms • participate • influence • many functional groups are polar:

Hydrolysis Putting together / Taking apart macromolecules: macromolecules: fig 2.14 • Dehydration Synthesis

Classes of Macromolecules: • proteins • carbohydrates • lipids • nucleic acids

Monomers & Polymers: • monomers • proteins: • nucleic acid: • carbohydrate: • lipid:

Proteins: • monomers - amino acids • amino acids joined by peptide bonds fig 2.23

fig 2.25 Protein structure • 1º - • 2º - • 3º • 4º -

Protein shape & function: • unique combination of R-groups (side groups) • changes in shape –

TYPES of proteins: • structural proteins - • contractile proteins • enzymes • transport proteins: • signal / regulatory proteins • storage proteins - • defensive proteins -

monomers: monosaccharides Carbohydrates: • Monosaccharides (monomer) Fig 2.15

Disaccharides • TWO - • sucrose, maltose & lactose • sucrose - • maltose - • lactose • *Table sugar/sweetners dehydration synthesis see figure 2.16

Polysaccharides many sugars see fig 2-17, 2-18 & 2-19 • starch: • glycogen: • cellulose: Why is cellulose un- digestible to us?

Lipids: fig 2.20 • Fats:

Lipids: • fats & oils fig 4.17 triglyceride

Importance of fats: subcutaneous fat of songbird • Fats are important for energy storage • reduces weight of • Fats can also be

Others lipids: phospholipids, waxes, & steroids: fig 2.21 • phospholipids • amphipathic • important in cell membranes

Others lipids: phospholipids, waxes, & steroids: • Steroids: • cholesterol & sex hormones • skeleton - • examples: cholesterol

Others lipids: phospholipids, waxes, & steroids: • waxes -

Nucleic Acids: • Responsible for the storage, expression, and transmission of genetic information • Two classes • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) • Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

DNA & RNA - monomers: nucleotides • sugar • DNA - • RNA - • DNA -- • RNA --

Complementary base-pairing in DNA: fig 2.26

Organic Compounds Tues 9/3/13