School: Name: Class: Date: 8 th Grade Final Exam Part 1: Scientific Method

1. School: Name: • Class: Date: • 8th Grade Final Exam • Part 1: Scientific Method • Directions: Write the letter of the correct definition next to each vocabulary word. • ____ hypothesis A. a tool used to measure mass • ____ procedure B. set of steps a scientist follows in an investigation • ____ observations C. equipment used to magnify and observe small things • ____ inferences D. unit of volume • ____ data E. what you see, feel, hear, touch, smell, or taste • ____ conclusions F. a chart used to organize data you collect • ____ microscope G. equipment used to measure volumes • ____ triple beam balance H. an educated guess; a prediction • ____ ruler I. any information collected during an investigation • ____ graduated cylinder J. Graph good for organizing data by category • ____ liters K. results; discussion of findings and explanation • ____ kilograms L. equipment used to see far-off celestial (space) bodies • ____ meters M. a decision based on observations and reasoning • ____ telescope N. tool used to make linear (length, width) measurements • ____ variable O. unit of mass • ____ control P. a graph good for showing proportions or percentages • ____ lie graph R. what the scientist changes in an investigation • ____ bar graph S. unit of length • ____ pie chart/circle graph T. the condition that is not changed and is compared • ____ data table with the variable • U. a tool used to measure density • V. Graph good for showing the relationship between variables such as distance traveled over time

2. Read each question and answer in the space provided. 21. What is the mass shown here on the triple beam balance. Don’t forget to write the unit that mass is measured in. 22. Measure the volume of water before and after an object is added to a graduated cylinder. Use these measurements to determine the volume of the object. a. Volume before: ____________ b. Volume after: ____________ c. Volume of object: ____________ 23. Use the data table below to make a line graph. Make sure to give your graph a title, labels for the axes, and units. 100 200 300 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1 2 3 4 6 5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1

3. For questions 24-26, use the graph below to answer the questions. • 24. How far did the car go in 2 hours? • 25. How far would the graph go if it traveled 6 hours? • 26. Make a data table for this graph. Include a label for each column and the appropriate units for data.

4. Ms. March heard that a new toothpaste makes your teeth whiter. She wants to know if that is true, so she buys the new toothpaste to try it. Help Ms. March design an experiment to find out if the toothpaste is as amazing as the television commercial suggests. Ms. March’s question: What is the affect of the new toothpaste on the color of teeth? Ms. March’s hypothesis: I think that the new toothpaste will make teeth whiter than the old toothpaste does. Design a procedure that Ms. March can follow to test the toothpaste. 27. Procedure: ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 28. What is the control?________________________________________________________ 29. What is the variable? _______________________________________________________ 30. What data needs to be collected to answer the question? _________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 31. Imagine that another scientist performed an experiment to test the very same question. She tested each toothpaste on 100 people and found no difference between the color of their teeth. How might this observation change Ms. March’s hypothesis?

5. School: Name: Class: Date: Part 2: Matter Directions: Please write the letter of the correct definition next to each vocabulary word. Directions: Please read each question and then circle the correct answer. • _____ mass A. shininess • _____volume B. a measure of how “squished together” matter is; the • _____density amount of mass in a given volume • _____ductility C. the shape of an object • _____hardness D. how much space matter takes up • _____luster E. how easy it is to scratch a substance • _____state or phase of matter F. how much matter is in an object • _____malleability G. the color of the powder left by a mineral • _____ streak H. liquid, solid, or gas • _____ freezing point I. ability to hammer into a thin sheet • _____ solubility J. ability to let an electrical current pass through • _____ electrical conductivity K. ability to stretch into a long wire • _____ boiling point L. The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid • M. The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas • N. how easily a substance dissolves into another substance • 14. Solubility is affected by all of the following except: • Size of particle b. temperature • Color of particles d. pressure • 15. The motion of particles inside a substance is responsible for all of the following except: • Which phase/state of matter the substance is • Phases changes • The luster of the substance • 16. Gases have: • neither a definite shape nor volume • a definite shape, but not volume • a definite volume, but not shape • a definite volume and shape • Liquids have: • neither a definite shape nor volume • a definite shape, but not volume • a definite volume, but not shape • a definite volume and shape

6. 18. Solids have: • neither a definite shape nor volume • a definite shape, but not volume • a definite volume, but not shape • a definite volume and shape • 19. Characteristic properties can be used to: • Separate mixtures into their components • Calculate the mass of a substance • Identify different materials • 20. A comparison of two objects densities can determine the _____________ of an object. • Mass b. volume • Shape d. buoyancy • 21. Physical combinations of materials that can be separated by physical means are called: • Mixtures b. compounds • Atoms d. molecules • 22. Substances are grouped into categories such as metals, nonmetals, and noble gases based on: • Their luster b. Their hardness • How they react d. Their densities • 23. The Law of Conservation of Mass states: • Matter is lost every time it reacts • Matter is created every time it reacts • Matter can neither be created or destroyed • 24. All matter is made up microscopic particles called: • Droplets • Mixtures • Waves • Atoms • 25. As the temperature of a substance increases • The speed of the particles in the substance increases • The speed of the particles in the substance decreases • The speed of the particles in the substance stays the same • 26. Two or more atoms that have combined are called: • Mixtures • Molecules • Mass • Substances • 27. Chemical reactions occur when: • Atoms give, take, or share electrons • Atoms give, take, or share protons • Atoms give, take, or share neutrons • 28. Atoms of one element are: • Like atoms in every other element • Like atoms in elements in the same family • Different from atoms in every other element

7. 29. How many elements do we know to exist? • Less than ten • More than a hundred • More than a thousand • Millions • Compounds made up of different elements make up: • Living things • Non-living things • Both living and non-living things • 31. Most elements on Earth are found in: • Their pure form • Combined with different elements as compounds • Combined with different elements as mixtures • The periodic table can be used for all of the following except: • Organizing elements • Predicting properties of elements • Classifying elements by their reactivity • Calculating the density of elements • 33. As the temperature of water increases, the amount of sugar that can dissolve in it: • Increases • Decreases • Stays the same • 34. During a chemical reaction, all of the following may be transferred except: • Heat • Light • Electricity • Protons • Directions: Label each change with either a “P” for physical or “C” for chemical • _____ An egg fries in a hot pan • _____A piece of paper is torn in half • _____cupcakes bake in an oven • _____Vinegar and Baking soda react and form carbon dioxide • _____Icecream melts • _____a nail Rusts

8. Part 3: Energy Directions: Read each question and then circle the correct answer. 1. What is the source of most of Earth’s energy? a. the moon b. the sun c. wind and water d. fossil fuels 2. Most electricity produced in the United States is made using: a. geothermal b. wind c. moving water d. fossil fuels 3. Which energy resource is nonrenewable? a. natural gas b. biomass c. moving water d. wind 4. Every transformation of energy produces which of the following? a. light b. heat c. sound d. motion 5. Heat always flows: a. in an unpredictable way b. from higher areas to lower areas c. from the sun through space d. from warmer areas to cooler ones 6. Which device is designed to produce mechanical energy? a. fan b. battery c. lamp d. oven 7. Who has the most kinetic energy? a. a child slowly walking towards a slide b. a child waiting in line to go down the slide c. a child sliding down the slide quickly d. a child slowly climbing the ladder 8. Which ball has the least potential energy? a. a ball held 1 meter above the ground b. a ball held 2 meters above the ground c. a ball held 10 meters above the ground d. a ball held 100 meters above the ground 9. If you burn yourself touching a hot pot, you were burned by heat transferred by: a. conduction b. convection c. absorption d. refraction 10. Which of the following is an exception in that it expands as it cools? a. tar in a pothole b. cake on a rack c. water on a road d. metal in a freezer 11. Electrical energy is transferred through wires that make up a path called a: a. battery b. switch c. current d. circuit 12. What device is designed to transform electrical energy into light energy? a. a television b. a can opener c. a radio d. a doorbell

9. Part 4: Light, Sound, and Waves 1. Which of these shows the electromagnetic spectrum from the longest to the shortest wavelengths? a. radio waves, visible light, gamma rays b. gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet light c. visible light, microwaves, radio waves d. X rays, radio waves, microwaves 2. What happens to light whenever it is refracted? a. it changes color b. it passes through water c. it is bent d. it becomes heat 3. A source of sound energy must be: a. bright b. hot c. magnetic d. Vibrating 4. Which of the following suggest that light is a form of kinetic energy? a. light is a form of Energy b. light can have different colors c. light can travel through space and some materials d. light can be transformed into heat energy 5. How are heat, light, and sound alike? a. each moves as a wave b. each is electromagnetic c. each is a form of energy d. each moves at the same speed 6. A loud stereo causes small objects on a shelf to move around. What kind of energy change is occurring? a. potential to kinetic b. sound to mechanical c. kinetic to potential d. sound to heat

10. Part 5: Motion and Forces • 1. John is driving on Main Street. He is driving away from the post office and toward the bank. John is in a state of rest with respect to which object? • the bank b. the post office c. the car d. the street • 2. Recording the position of a rock, along with its direction and speed of travel, would allow you to predict its: • color b. mass c. density d. destination • 3. A car is sitting still. What would cause the cart to start to move? • inertia b. force c. motion d. mass • 4. Which of the following requires the strongest force to accelerate? • cannonball b. soccer ball c. beach ball d. football • 5. Juan steps onto a bathroom scale, exerting a push of 150 pounds. What force does the scale exert onto Juan? • a. an upward force of 150 pounds b. a downward force of 150 pounds • c. an upward force of 300 pounds d. a downward force of 300 pounds • 6. Between which two objects is gravity the weakest? • a. a butterfly and a leaf b. an orange and an apple • c. a building and Earth d. Earth and the Moon • 7. An electric current produces: • a magnetic current b. a magnetic field c. an electric field d. a pole • 8. What type of energy does a simple machine transfer? • potential b. electrical c. mechanical d. chemical • 9. A force that opposes motion is: • magnetic b. friction c. gravity d. buoyancy • 10. What substance is added to an engine to reduce friction? • ice b. oil c. rubber d. gasoline • 11. How does a pulley affect an applied force? • a. it changes the speed b. it changes the strength • c. it changes the amount of total work d. it changes the direction • 12. A professional mover uses a cart to move boxes instead of dragging them on the ground. Which type of simple machine is being used to reduce friction and make the job easier? • pulley b. wheel and axel c. lever d. inclined plane • 13. Which of the following is a complex machine? • a. a can opener b. a screw c. a shoe horn d. a doorknob