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Exploring Igneous Rocks: Formation, Types, and Environments

Discover the relation between minerals and rocks through Mr. Rankin's Famous Rock Video. Learn about rock classifications, environments of formation, and crystal sizes in igneous rocks. Practice identifying and determining percentages of different igneous rocks.

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Exploring Igneous Rocks: Formation, Types, and Environments

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  1. Aim: How are minerals and rocks related to one another? Do Now: Let’s look Mr. Rankin’s Famous Rock Video… This will give us a better idea of the environments of the three rock classifications.

  2. Rock: A naturally formed mass that is usually composed of two or more minerals. Monominerallic: Rock composed of one mineral Example: Rock Salt  Halite

  3. Polyminerallic: Rock composed of more than one mineral Example: Granite  Potassium Feldspar, Quartz, Plagioclase Feldspar, Biotite, and Amphibole

  4. Between a rock and a hard place… Rock Classification: Igneous:the cooling and solidifying of molten lava or magma. Sedimentary:the compaction and cementation of unconsolidated sediment and organic remains, and; the evaporation of a supersaturated solution

  5. Metamorphic:the recrystallization of minerals due to intense heat and pressure. The addition of heated groundwater can also ‘change’ the existing minerals.

  6. Summary On a separate sheet of paper answer the following: Name the three rock types. Using the ESRT, name two rocks that are monominerallic. Briefly describe the environment of formation for one of the rock types.

  7. Aim: How can we describe igneous rocks? Do Now: Briefly describe the difference between molten rock magma and molten rock lava.

  8. Lava  Exterior, Outside Magma Interior

  9. Igneous Rocks Igneous: A nonsedimentary rock formed by the cooling and solidifying of liquid rock (magma or lava).

  10. Igneous Rocks Vocabulary Magma: Molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface. Lava: Magma that reaches the Earth’s surface. Crystallization: Minerals formed from the cooling of molten rock.

  11. Texture: The “feel” of a rock due to the size, shape, and arrangement of mineral crystals, or sediments in a rock. Extrusive: Igneous rock that forms at the Earth’s surface (volcanic activity)

  12. Intrusive: Igneous rock that forms at below the Earth’s surface (large magma body)

  13. Using the diagram on pg. 6 of the ESRT, let’s practice reading the “Scheme of Igneous Rocks” using a worksheet.

  14. Aim: How can the environment of formation determine the crystal size of igneous rocks? Do Now: Determine if the following rocks are mafic, felsic, or intermediate in composition: Andesite: Pumice: Basalt Intermediate Felsic Mafic

  15. Review: What are the two environments igneous rocks can form in? Extrusive Intrusive Whether igneous rocks are extrusive or intrusive, they have intergrown crystals.

  16. Intergrown Minerals (Crystals) Minerals fit together like a jigsaw puzzle

  17. Not Intergrown

  18. Extrusive: cooling and solidifying of molten rock lava. Fast cooling rates = fine (small) crystals less than 1 mm Rapid cooling = non crystalline Vesicular = gas pockets that formed when the rock solidified.

  19. Glassy Texture Obsidian

  20. Fine Texture Rhyolite

  21. Vesicular Texture Scoria

  22. Intrusive: cooling and solidifying of molten rock magma. Slow cooling rates = coarse (big) crystals, 1mm to 10 mm Very slow cooling = very coarse (very big) crystals, greater than 10mm

  23. Coarse Texture Granite

  24. Very Coarse Texture Pegmatite

  25. Name a very light-colored, glassy, extrusive rock with bubbles.

  26. Summary On a piece of paper, please answer the following question: Name the igneous rock that has a dark color, and; a glassy and vesicular texture.

  27. Aim: How can we determine the percentages of igneous rocks? Do Now: Name the igneous rock that has a high concentration of Si and Al, coarse, low in density, and non vesicular. Granite

  28. First Step: Locate the igneous rock you must identify by placing a dot in the center of the box. Find the intrusive igneous rock: Granite

  29. Second Step: With a straight edge, draw a line from the dot to the mineral composition graph.

  30. Third Step: Use a sheet of scrap paper and line it up parallel to the line you recently drew.

  31. Scrap Paper

  32. Fourth Step: Mark the boundaries of the minerals on the sheet of paper. Remember to label the mineral on the scrap paper.

  33. Potassium Feldspar Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Quartz Amphibole

  34. Fifth Step: Slide the scrap paper the percentages column on the left side to determine the percentages of each mineral.

  35. Potassium Feldspar Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Quartz Amphibole

  36. Sixth Step: To determine the percentages begin with the first mineral by 0%. Each interval is worth 5% For Granite: Amphibole = 7%

  37. Seventh Step: To determine the percentages of the remaining minerals, you must bring the lowest boundary of that mineral to 0% to determine the remaining percentages. Repeat for each mineral present.

  38. Potassium Feldspar Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Quartz Amphibole

  39. Determine the remaining percentages: Amphibole: Biotite: Plagioclase Feldspar: Quartz: Potassium Feldspar: 7% 13% 20% 40% 20% 100%

  40. Summary 1. Determine the composition for the following igneous rocks: Dunite: Diorite: Which igneous rock is monominerallic? Olivine Plagioclase Feldspar, Biotite, and Amphibole Dunite

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