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Revolutionizing Thought: The Scientific Revolution

Explore the gradual movement of scientific advancement from 1470s to 1730s, fueled by key figures like Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, and philosophical responses from Bacon, Descartes, Hobbes, and Locke. Witness the clash between new science and religious faith, the English approach to science and religion, and the continued superstition of the time. Delve into the overlooked contributions of women like Margaret Cavendish, Maria Cunitz, Maria Winkelmann, and Emilie Du Chatelet in the field of philosophy and astronomy. Unravel how these visionary minds reshaped the world's understanding of the universe.

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Revolutionizing Thought: The Scientific Revolution

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  1. Ch. 14- Scientific Revolution

  2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHUWP9zu4W8 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lr_bQs4oXgU

  3. Scientific Revolution • Gradual movement that consisted of a few hundred scientists over a period of many years (1470s-1730s) in different countries • New Advances (especially in astronomy) captured public attention and allowed movement to gain cultural authority

  4. Nicholas Copernicus • Questioned the Geocentric view of the universe sponsored by Ptolemy • On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres • Book written by Copernicus • Argued heliocentric view of the universe

  5. Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) • Made more extensive observations than any previous astronomer. • Advance Heliocentric view

  6. Johannes Kepler 1571-1630 • Brahe’s Assistant • Used Brahe’s research to advance Heliocentric view • The New Astronomy • Planets orbited around the sun in a elliptical fashion

  7. Galileo Galilei 1564-1642 • One of first astronomers to view sky with telescope • Popularized Copernican interpretation of heavens using empirical rationale evidence

  8. Isaac Newton 1642- 1727 • Principia Mathematic (1687) • Proved mathematically that planets and other physical objects moved through mutual attraction, or gravity

  9. Philosophy responds to Science • God as a divine watchmaker: World is perceived in mechanical terms

  10. Francis Bacon • NovumOrganumand The Advancement of Learning • Urged peers to continue search for truth in natural world • Encouraged Further Experimentation

  11. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) • Developed the Scientific Method • Discourse on Method • Argued that all thought should be founded on Mathematical model and rejected any thought not founded on reason

  12. Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679 • Leviathan • People are born naturally evil • Human beings are at war with others and themselves • Rulers should have no limits on Power

  13. John Locke • First Treatise of Government and Second Treatise of Government • People are born good • Government should protect basic rights: Life, Liberty, Property • Social Contract: People should enter into a contract with government to preserve natural rights

  14. New Science and Religious Faith • Galileo- angers church with his interpretation. • Put on trial and sentenced to house arrest for his disobedience • BlaisePascal- French mathematician who saw religion as separate from reason and Science. • Allied himself with Jansenists • Wager- Better to believe and get rewards and instead of not believe and face consequences

  15. English Approach to Science and Religion • Rational God- scientific advancements are apart of god’s plan

  16. Continuing Superstition • From 1400-1700 an estimated 70,000-100,000 people sentenced to death for magic and witchcraft • Cunning Folk- people who possessed “special powers” • Church declares that only priests possess magical abilities. • Those who practiced magic outside the church were inspired by the devil • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2xlQaimsGg

  17. Women and Scientific Rev • Philosophy: • Margaret Cavendish- significant contributions to the field of Philosophy • Debated with Descartes and Hobbes • First Women invited to Royal Society of London • Observations upon Experimental Philosophy • Grounds of Natural Philosophy

  18. Astronomy • Maria Cunitz- Publishes a book • Maria Winkelmann- discovered a comet in 1702 and not given credit until 1930 • Emilie Du Chatelet- translated Newton’s Principia to french

  19. FRQ • “The Scientific Revolution was not a revolution in Science, but rather was a revolution in thought.” Assess the Validity of this statement.

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