APAG Ch. 3 - Federalism

1. APAG Ch. 3 - Federalism

2. What are three things critics say about federalism?

3. 1) It does not allow for equal spending with education among the states. There is a greater need for federal legislation and oversight. State and local interests can block progress and impede national plans

4. What were the two questions before the Supreme Court in McCulloch v. Maryland?

5. Could the national government charter a bank? Could a state tax a national bank?

6. What did the Supreme Court rule in these two questions?

7. The national gov�t. could charter a bank under the implied powers. States could NOT tax the national bank because the power to tax is the power to destroy.

8. What is the model of federalism where specific programs involve all levels of government called?

9. Picket-fence federalism

10. The North�s victory in the Civil War set the nation on a path to the ___________.

11. Modern industrial economy.

12. The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is an example of what kind of government structure?

13. A confederal system.

14. How did the Supreme Court define commerce in Gibbons v. Ogden?

15. It includes all commercial intercourse.

16. What kind of political system gives the central governing unit no ability to make laws applicable to individuals without approval of state governments?

17. A confederal political system.

18. _____ powers derive from the fact that the United States is a sovereign power among nations.

19. Inherent powers

20. In the case of __________, the Supreme Court held that only when acts of Congress are forbidden by the Constitution are they unconstitutional.

21. McCulloch v. Maryland

22. The authority to legislate for the protection of the health, morals and safety of the people is called __________.

23. Police power

24. Powers specifically granted to the national government by the Constitution are called _________.

25. Enumerated powers

26. Our federal system of government was a compromise between what two groups?

27. Those who favored a strong central government and those who favored strong state governments.

28. What did the Personal Responsibility and Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 state?

29. It granted states greater power in policymaking and it ended grants-in-aid and created a capped welfare block grant.

30. What was a major obstacle to the creation of a unitary government in the U.S.?

31. The large size of the U.S. and its regional isolation.

32. The concept of ______ federalism deals with relationships between state governments.

33. Horizontal federalism

34. What is the section of the Constitution in which Congress is given the authority to regulate trade among the states and with foreign countries called?

35. The Commerce Clause.

36. In a _______ system of government, the flow of power is from the central government to the local and state governments.

37. Unitary System

38. In a _______ system of governments, power is divided and shared between the national and state governments.

39. Federal System

40. Most __________ powers are not specifically stated in the Constitution, but rather only implied.

41. Concurrent powers

42. Powers held jointly by the national and state governments are called _________.

43. Concurrent powers

44. What are state governments allowed to do in a federal political system that is beneficial to all states?

45. They can test new ideas by initiating new laws within their scope of power. (for example: welfare reform)

46. In __________, the Supreme Court ruled that the national government can regulate commerce in states.

47. Gibbons v. Ogden

48. What is in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution that grants Congress the power to do whatever appropriate to execute its specifically delegated powers?

49. The necessary and proper clause.

50. What was the heart of the controversy that led to the Civil War?

51. The national government supremacy versus the rights of the separate states.

52. The power of states to regulate commerce within their borders is called ______ powers.

53. Reserved powers

54. Why was the first national income tax passed?

55. To pay for the huge debt caused by the Civil War.

56. _______ means national laws take precedence over state laws.

57. Preemption

58. The concept of ________ refers to requirements in federal legislation that force states to comply with certain rules.

59. Federal mandates

60. Most of the disputes regarding boundaries of national versus state power involve different interpretations of the _______ of the national government.

61. Implied powers

62. The power to coin money, the power to declare war, and the power to regulate interstate commerce are all examples of _____________ powers.

63. Enumerated powers

64. In the area of economic regulation, the legal doctrine of ______ _______ emphasized an equality between federal and state in their spheres of sovereignty.

65. Dual Federalism

66. What kind of political system does France and England have?

67. Unitary System

68. What is the most common political system used in the world for relations between central and local governments?

69. Unitary System

70. The concept of _______ was an attempt to indicate that states should have the ultimate authority over its citizens.

71. Nullification

72. _________ powers are those that are expressly delegated to the national government.

73. Enumerated Powers

74. Why did federal grants to the states increase so much?

75. Because they had the appearance of being free.

76. What is an order issued by a court to compel or restrain the performance of an act called?

77. An injunction.

78. In a ________ system of government, power is shared between the central government and regional governments.

79. Federal System

80. _____ _______ was a natural outcome of Franklin D. Roosevelt�s New Deal programs because federal grants were given to states to administer programs.

81. Cooperative federalism

82. Since the 1990�s, the Supreme Court has been _______ the power of the national government.

83. Reigning in

84. Nullification was used to justify _____.

85. Secession

86. Both the increased spending by the national government and the nationally imposed income tax were precursors to ____________.

87. The expanded role of the national government.

88. What is the act of formally withdrawing from membership in an alliance called?

89. Secession

90. The Civil War, brought about in large part because of the South�s desire for increased states� rights, resulted in __________.

91. An increase in the political power of the national government.

92. _______ grants in aid are grants to states or local governments for very specific programs.

93. Categorical grants

94. What is a federal grant that funds a general functional area like mental health programs?

95. Block grants

96. What is an agreement between two or more states called?

97. An intrastate compact.

98. What do implied powers come from?

99. The necessary and proper clause.

100. Which Supreme Court case concerned the commerce clause?

101. Gibbons v. Ogden

102. ________ may not make treaties with foreign nations.

103. States

104. The ________ of the Constitution means that states cannot use their reserved or concurrent powers to thwart national policies.

105. The Supremacy Clause.

106. Activities, problems and policies that require state governments to interact with one another are called ______.

107. Horizontal Federalism

108. What are states required to do in order to enter into agreements called interstate compacts?

109. Get the consent of Congress.

110. Which Supreme Court case struck down provisions in the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act?

111. Printz v. United States

112. Which amendment has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to mean that states can�t be sued for violating rights established by federal laws?

113. 11th Amendment

114. The 10th Amendment states that the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states are _________.

115. Reserved to the states or the people.