An Overview of Breast Ultrasound Procedures and Practice in Singapore

1. An Overview of Breast Ultrasound Procedures and Practice in Singapore Breast ultrasound has become an integral part of breast imaging in Singapore, often used alongside other diagnostic tools to provide a more comprehensive view of breast health. While mammograms remain a widely recommended screening tool, breast ultrasound plays a vital role in evaluating abnormalities, especially in cases where mammograms may be less effective. This article offers an overview of how breast ultrasound is performed, its common uses, and how it fits into current breast care practices in Singapore. What Is a Breast Ultrasound? A breast ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce real-time images of breast tissue. Unlike mammography, which uses low-dose X-rays, ultrasound does not involve radiation. This makes it particularly useful for certain groups, such as younger women, pregnant individuals, or those with dense breast tissue. The procedure is generally painless, does not require compression of the breast, and is often completed within 15 to 30 minutes. A hand-held device called a transducer is moved over the skin, and the reflected sound waves create an image on a monitor, allowing radiologists to assess the underlying structures. When Is a Breast Ultrasound Recommended? In Singapore, breast ultrasound is not typically used as a primary screening tool for breast cancer. Instead, it is commonly recommended in the following scenarios: • • To investigate a palpable lump that has been felt during a physical examination. To clarify findings from a mammogram, particularly if the result is inconclusive or shows an area of concern. To examine dense breast tissue, where mammograms may be less accurate. As guidance during procedures such as fine-needle aspiration or core biopsy. To evaluate breast symptoms like pain, nipple discharge, or localised swelling. • • • Ultrasound can help differentiate between solid masses (which may require further investigation) and fluid-filled cysts (which are usually benign). Who Performs the Procedure? In Singapore, breast ultrasound is typically performed by a trained sonographer or radiologist. The procedure is carried out in imaging centres within hospitals, specialist clinics, or dedicated diagnostic facilities. In many cases, a radiologist will review the images in real-time and may perform a targeted scan for greater accuracy. For women attending breast clinics, the ultrasound may be conducted as part of a "triple assessment," which includes a clinical examination, imaging (mammogram and/or ultrasound), and, if necessary, a biopsy.

2. Accuracy and Limitations Breast ultrasound is highly effective at distinguishing between cystic and solid masses. It is particularly useful in younger patients, where dense tissue may obscure mammogram results. However, it does have limitations. Ultrasound may not always detect microcalcifications, which can be an early sign of breast cancer and are typically identified via mammography. For this reason, ultrasound is often considered a complementary tool rather than a replacement for mammography in routine screening. Integration into Breast Care in Singapore Breast imaging in Singapore follows global best practices, and breast ultrasound is widely accessible across both public and private healthcare settings. It forms a key component of diagnostic pathways when abnormalities are detected or when additional imaging is required. Public hospitals such as KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital and National University Hospital, as well as private centres and breast specialists, offer ultrasound as part of their diagnostic services. Multidisciplinary teams often collaborate to interpret results and recommend appropriate next steps. Conclusion Breast ultrasound remains an essential part of breast imaging in Singapore, providing valuable information for diagnosing and managing breast conditions. While it is not a stand-alone screening tool for breast cancer, it offers a safe, radiation-free method for examining abnormalities and supporting further assessment when needed. Understanding the role and procedure of breast ultrasound can help individuals make informed decisions about their breast health. In cases of symptoms or concerning findings, consulting a healthcare provider to determine whether an ultrasound is appropriate is a sensible step toward timely and effective care.