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Understanding Organic Compounds: Essential Building Blocks of Life

Explore the key components of organic compounds: carbohydrates, fats/lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and specialized enzymes. Learn about synthesis, dehydration, hydrolysis, and how these compounds store energy and drive essential cellular processes.

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Understanding Organic Compounds: Essential Building Blocks of Life

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  1. store energy Dehydration synthesis H2O C, H, O 2:1 C, H, O Monomer + Monomer + Monomer store energy, cell membrane Carbohydrates 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids Polymer • Monosaccharides (single) • Glucose • Fructose • Galactose Fats/Lipids C6H12O6 isomers H2O Hydrolysis Carboxyl group (COOH) • Disaccharides (2) • Sucrose • Maltose • Lactose ORGANIC COMPOUNDS • Polysaccharides (complex) • Starch • Cellulose • Glycogen • Chitin Specialized proteins that speed up reactions Nucleotides enzymes DNA/RNA sugar + Phosphate group + Nitrogen base Proteins C, H, O, N Nucleic Acids Amino acids Chemical reactions, cell parts, C, H, O, N, P Adenine Cytosine Carboxyl group (COOH) Store & transmit genetic information Amino group (NH2) Guanine Thymine

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