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Organic compounds

Organic compounds. Carbon compounds Organic compounds- primarily made of carbon Carbon can from four covalent bonds As a result, carbon can bon in a number of ways. Carbon compounds. Functional groups- cluster of atoms that influence the characteristics of the molecules that contain them.

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Organic compounds

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  1. Organic compounds • Carbon compounds • Organic compounds- primarily made of carbon • Carbon can from four covalent bonds • As a result, carbon can bon in a number of ways

  2. Carbon compounds • Functional groups- cluster of atoms that influence the characteristics of the molecules that contain them

  3. Large carbon molecules • Monomer- small, simpler organic molecule • Polymer- contains many monomers • Condensation reaction- reaction that joins two monomers, produces water • Hydrolysis- water is used to break polymer

  4. Energy currency • Energy is required for life’s processes • Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)- stores energy for this purpose • Energy stored in phosphate group bonds • Energy released when one bond breaks

  5. Molecules of Life • Carbohydrates- Organic compounds containing C, H, and O in a ration of 1:2:1 respectively • Monosaccharide- monomer of a carb, simple sugar (glucose) • Disaccharide- 2 monosaccharides bonded, double sugar (sucrose) • Polysaccharide- many monosaccharides bonded • Glycogen- polymer of glucose in animals • Starch- polymer of glucose in plants

  6. Protein-composed of C, H, O, N • Monomer- amino acid • Dipeptide- 2 amino acids joined by a peptide bond • Proteins contain polypeptides • Serve as structural components and enzymes

  7. Lipids- large nonpolar molecules • Do not dissolve in water • Fatty Acid- long carbon chain with a carboxyl on end • Saturated- no double bonds, solid at roop temp, found in animals • Unsaturated- double bonds present, liquid at room temp, found in plants

  8. Lipids • Triglyceride- glycerol bonded to 3 fatty acids • Phospholipids- glycerol with 2 fatty acids • Other lipids include waxes and steroids • Serve as structural components and energy storage

  9. Nucleic Acids- large molecules that store information • Nucleotide- monomer of nucleic acid • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)- stores genetic info • Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)- transfers info needed to make proteins within cells

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