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Respiratory System: Importance of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Exchange

Explore the intricate functions of the respiratory system, from gas exchange to ATP production. Understand the structures involved in breathing and how the system helps maintain homeostasis. Learn about the mechanics of breathing and the importance of keeping this vital system healthy.

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Respiratory System: Importance of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Exchange

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  1. food O2 ATP CO2 Why a respiratory system? • Need O2 in • for cellular respiration • make ATP • Need CO2 out • waste product

  2. Passageways and Lungs • Respiratory system consists of a pair of lungs & a system of tubes that carry air to them • Breathing is just one of the functions that the respiratory system carries out

  3. The path air takes • Air enters through the nasal cavity • It passes through the pharynx and larynxinto the trachea

  4. The path air takes • The trachea forks to form two bronchi • Each bronchus branches into numerous bronchioles • The bronchioles end in clusters of tiny sacs called alveoli- 1 cell layer thick wall

  5. Lungs • Structure spongy texture • high surface area • more absorption of O2 • alveoli • small air sacs • moist lining • mucus traps dust, pollen, particles • covered by cilia • hair-like extensions of cells • move mucus upward to clear out lungs

  6. Moving gases into bloodstream • Inhale • O2 passes from alveoli to blood • by diffusion • Exhale • CO2 passes from blood to alveoli • by diffusion capillaries (circulatory system)

  7. O2 O2 O2 O2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 Gas exchange: Diffusion of gases • Gases move by diffusion from high to low concentration • capillaries are thin-walled tubes of circulatory system • alveoli are thin-walled sacs of respiratory system capillaries in lungs capillaries in muscle External respiration: exchange of gases between alveoli and blood Internal respiration: exchange of gases between blood and cells blood lungs blood body

  8. The Mechanics of Breathing • Breathing ventilates the lungs • The action of your diaphragm and the muscles between your ribs enable you to breathe in and breathe out • Breathing is the alternation of inhalation(active) and exhalation (passive)

  9. Control of Respiration • Breathing is usually an involuntary process • Partially controlled by an internal feedback mechanism that involves signals being sent to the medulla oblongata about the chemistry of your blood • measure blood pH • CO2 = pH (acid)

  10. Control of Respiration • coordinate breathing, heart rate & body’s need for energy • Will send nerve signals to the rib muscles and diaphragm • Nerve signals cause these muscles to contract, and you inhale

  11. ATP CO2 O2 Breathing and Homeostasis • Homeostasis • keeping the internal environment of the body balanced • need to balance O2 in and CO2 out • need to balance energy (ATP) production

  12. ATP CO2 O2 Breathing and Homeostasis • Exercise • breathe faster • need more ATP • bring in more O2 & remove more CO2 • Disease • poor lung or heart function = breathe faster • need to work harder to bring in O2 & remove CO2

  13. Cleaning dirty air • To prevent foreign material from reaching the respiratory system is lined with ciliated (hair) cells that secrete mucus • The cilia constantly beat upward in the direction of your throat, where foreign material can be swallowed or expelled by coughing or sneezing

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